Computer Fundamentals

Presentation By Nitika Gupta V-C 21
Computer Fundamentals
Tuesday, April 08, 2014
A Computer is a device that allows you to input data, process data quickly and efficiently, receive outputs and store data. Thus a computer consists of one or more input devices, output devices, store devices and processing unit.
Speed Accuracy Storage Capacity Consistency/Diligence
Can not think it self Task to be describe in detail Can not learn form experience Wrong information provided result also wrong
First Generation (19401956)

Use of vacuum tubes Big & Clumsy High Electricity Consumption Programming in Mechanical Language Larger AC were needed Lot of electricity failure occurred
Continue
Second Generation (1956-1963)
Transistors were used Core Memory was developed Faster than First Generation computers First Operating System was developed Programming was in Machine Language & Aseembly Language
Continue
Continued
Second Generation (1956-1963)

Magnetic tapes & discs were used Computers became smaller in size than the First Generation computers Computers consumed less heat & consumed less electricity
Computer Fundamentals Tuesday, April 08, 2014
Third Generation (19641971)

Integrated circuits developed Power consumption was low SSI & MSI Technology was used High level languages were used
Fourth Generation (1971 onwards)

LSI & VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) Technology used Development of Portable Computers RAID Technology of data storage Used in virtual reality, multimedia, simulation Computers started in use for Data Communication Different types of memories with very high accessing speed & storage capacity
Fifth Generation (Present & Beyond)

Used Used Used Used Used in parallel processing superconductors in speech recognition in intelligent robots in artificial intelligence
Microcomputer:
It is small in size but capable of handling large tasks.
Minicomputer:
It can very in size from a small desktop model to the size of a small filling cabinet.
Mainframe Computer:
It is more powerful & large in size.
Super Computer
It is largest, fastest and most expensive computer.
Hardware
The hardware consist of all devices of the computer that you can see and touch. These include input, processing and output devices.
Software
The software is sets of instruction that control the working of the computers operations Super Computer
Data (text, Audio, Video, Graphics)

Data consists or raw facts and figures which manipulates and processes into meaningful information.
Users
A User is a person who uses the computer externally with a specific objective.
Hardware
Input Device
Output Device
CPU (Central Processing Unit)
Collect Date, Information Convert Into machine language Send to CPU E.g.
1. 2. 3. 4.
Keyboard Mouse Scanner Mic
Receive from CPU Convert into Human Language Send to User E.g..
1. Monitor 2. Printer 3. Speaker
Traditional Keyboard Argonic Keyboard
Wireless Keyboard
Flexible Keyboard
1.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Alphabetic keys Numeric keys Alpha Numeric Keys Navigation Keys

Functional Keys Combination Keys Toggle Keys Special Keys
a-z 0-9 !-) Arrows, End, Home Page Up, Page Dn F1-F12 Shift, Alt, Ctrl Num Lock, Scroll Lock, Caps Lock
Mechanical Mouse
Optical Mouse
Wireless Mouse
CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) Monitor
LCD (Liquid crystal Display) Monitor
SVGA (Super Video Graphic Array)

800 X 600 Pixels
15 Monitor
XGA (Extended Graphic Array)

1,024 X 768 Pixels
17 To 19
SXGA (Super Extended Graphics Array)

1,280 X 1,034 Pixels
19 To 21
UXGA (Ultra Extended Graphics Array)

1,600 X 1,200 Pixels
Above 21
Impact Printer (printing with hammering)

Daze wheel printer Dot Matrix Printer
Non Impact Printer (printing without hammering)

Ink-Jet Printer Laser Printer
CPU
CU (Control Unit)
ALU (Arithmetic & Logical Unit)
MU (Memory Unit)
Memory Flexibility
Type as per Period Preference
ROM (Read
Only Memory)
RAM (Random
Access Memory
Hard Disk Floppy Disk
Compact Disk (CD)

Pen Drive
NonRemovable NonRemovable NonRemovable Removable Removable

Removable
Permanent
Temporary Permanent Permanent
Primary Secondary Secondary
Permanent
Permanent
Secondary
Secondary
ROM
Floppy Disk
RAM
CD
Hard
Disk
Pen Drive
0/1 4 Bit 8 Bit 1 Character 1 Space 1 Enter/Paragraph
1 1 1 1 1 2
Bit Nibble Byte Byte Byte Byte

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Continued
1024 1024 1024 1024
Byte KB MB GB
1 1 1 1
Kilo Byte (KB) Mega Byte (MB) Giga Byte (GB) Terabyte (TB)
RAM
64 MB, 128 MB, 256 MB, 512 MB, 1 GB, 2 GB, 4 GB Hard Disk 2 GB, 10 GB, 20 GB, 40 GB, 80 GB, 160 GB, 320 GB, Floppy 1.44 MB CD 700 MB DVD 4.7 GB Pen Drive 1 GB, 2 GB, 4 GB
System Software
Operating System Utility
Disk Cleanup Disk Defragmenter Uninstaller Antivirus
Device Driver
Application Software
DOS
B/W Screen
Windows
Color Screen
CUI (Character User Interface) Single Tasking

Single User
GUI (Graphical User Interface) Multiple Tasking

Multiple User

Computer Fundamentals

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Presentation By Nitika Gupta V-C 21

Tuesday, April 08, 2014

Tuesday, April 08, 2014

Speed Accuracy Storage Capacity Consistency/Diligence

Tuesday, April 08, 2014

Tuesday, April 08, 2014

First Generation (19401956)

Tuesday, April 08, 2014

Second Generation (1956-1963)

Tuesday, April 08, 2014

Second Generation (1956-1963)

Third Generation (19641971)

Tuesday, April 08, 2014

Fourth Generation (1971 onwards)

Tuesday, April 08, 2014

Fifth Generation (Present & Beyond)

Tuesday, April 08, 2014

Tuesday, April 08, 2014

Data (text, Audio, Video, Graphics)

Tuesday, April 08, 2014

CPU (Central Processing Unit)