Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
MAE 156-256 Spring 2012, Dr. Marc Madou Class 9: Rapid Prototyping By Dr. Marc Madou
Rapid Prototyping
Some other names: Additive manufacturing Computer controlled moldless additive manufacturing Part is produced by producing multiple slices i.e. cross sections From 3D model [STL file (see next slide)] to physical object, with a click Layered manufacturing Rapid prototyping: Variety of methods: more and more functional products rather than just prototypes
STL File*
The STL (stereo lithography) file format is supported by many other software packages; it is widely used for rapid prototyping and computeraided manufacturing (CAM). STL files describe only the surface geometry of a three dimensional object without any representation of color, texture or other common CAD model attributes. *An STL file describes a raw unstructured triangulated surface by the unit normal and vertices
(ordered by the right-hand rule) of the triangles using a three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system.
Manufacturing (10%)
Implants and custom medical devices Aerospace parts Pilot scale production of lab equipment Molds .. A Stradivarius ?
Methods for RP
Stereolitography (SLA) Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) Laminated Object Modeling (LOM) 3D Printing Electron Beam Melting (EBM)
Machine
Cost
Fused Deposition $10/hr Modeler 1600 (FDM) Laminated Object $18/hr Manufacturing (LOM) Sanders Model $3.30/hr Maker 2 (Jet) Selective Laser $44/hr Sintering 2000 (SLS) Stereolithography $33/hr 250 (SLA) Z402 3-D $27.50/hr Modeller (Jet)
Rapid Prototyping Response Material Application Time Techniques: 2 weeks ABS or Strong Parts
Casting Wax
1 week
Casting Patterns
5 weeks
1 week
Wax
Casting Pattern
2 weeks 1 week
Polycarbonat light: 100%; e TrueForm margin: SandForm 0">Casting Patterns Concept Models Epoxy Resin Thin walls (Translucent) Durable Models Starch/Wax Concept Models
LOM Objects
FDM
Materials:
Max part size (LxWxH): Min feature size: Min layer thickness: Accuracy: Surface finish: Build speed:
36.00 x 24.00 x 36.00 in. 0.005 in. 0.0050 in. 0.0050 in. Rough Slow
Low cost
uPrint ($14,900)
Do it Yourself:
FAB@Home RepRap
Stereolitography (SLA)
Patented in 1986 3D System is the market leader Highest resolution and smoothness UV Laser beam cure cross-sections of parts in a liquid batch of photoreactive resin Subvariants: DLP entire layer projection
Stereolitography (SLA)
SLS samples
3D Printing
Layer of powder is first spread across build area Inkjet-like printing of binder over the part cross-section Repetition of the process with the next layer Can produce multi-colored parts Useful only for presentation media Lowest resolution of all techniques Market Leader: Z-Corp
3D Printing
Examples of EBM
FAB@Home
RepRap achieved self-replication at 14:00 hours UTC on 29 May 2008 at Bath University in the UK. The machine that did it - RepRap Version 1.0 Darwin - can be built now - see the Make RepRap Darwin link there or on the left, and for ways to get the bits and pieces you need, see the Obtaining Parts link.