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John Locke was an English philosopher born in 1632 who made important contributions to social contract theory and liberal political philosophy. Some of his most influential works include the Essay Concerning Human Understanding, which discussed the limits of human knowledge, and Two Treatises of Government, where he formed the basis for constitutional democracy and natural rights. Locke believed that government existed through a social contract between itself and the governed to protect life, liberty, and property, not to enforce religious beliefs, and that the people had a right to revolt against a tyrannical ruler. His ideas greatly influenced both the American and French Revolutions.
John Locke was an English philosopher born in 1632 who made important contributions to social contract theory and liberal political philosophy. Some of his most influential works include the Essay Concerning Human Understanding, which discussed the limits of human knowledge, and Two Treatises of Government, where he formed the basis for constitutional democracy and natural rights. Locke believed that government existed through a social contract between itself and the governed to protect life, liberty, and property, not to enforce religious beliefs, and that the people had a right to revolt against a tyrannical ruler. His ideas greatly influenced both the American and French Revolutions.
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John Locke was an English philosopher born in 1632 who made important contributions to social contract theory and liberal political philosophy. Some of his most influential works include the Essay Concerning Human Understanding, which discussed the limits of human knowledge, and Two Treatises of Government, where he formed the basis for constitutional democracy and natural rights. Locke believed that government existed through a social contract between itself and the governed to protect life, liberty, and property, not to enforce religious beliefs, and that the people had a right to revolt against a tyrannical ruler. His ideas greatly influenced both the American and French Revolutions.
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and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty or possessions.”- Locke John Locke • Was a famous English philosopher. • Was the first writer to put together ideas for a constitutional democracy. • Most of the work by Locke is characterized by opposition of the people or government institutions to absolute power. Background events during Locke’s Life • The Crown and Parliament in England were in feud during a good part of his life. • Cromwell’s Puritan Republic, having no monarchy at all. • Glorious Revolution Early Life of Locke - John Locke was born in Wrington, England in 1632. He died in Essex in 1704. - His mother died when he was an infant, and his father, too, shortly after. - He went to school at the Westminster school in 1646 and to the University of Oxford in 1652. - His early training consisted of the classics, and his later training consisted of medicine and experimental science. - Elector of Brandenburg. - Royal Society Essay Concerning Human Understanding - 1690 - Locke tried to figure out what these limits are. - tabula rasa - This essay became a great tool of his outstanding legacy since it discussed the origin, nature, and limits of human knowledge. - - Letter Concerning Toleration • 1689 • Government existed to preserve property, not to force religious decisions on the governed. • Toleration was a problem for Locke towards the Christians • Thanks to Locke’s work in the 17th century, religious toleration is extended to a lot of religious groups today. Two Treatises of Government • published in 1690. • In this work he formed the basis for constitutional democracy. • natural law and natural rights. • Night-watchmen Theory of Government • The government and the governed had a social contract Beliefs of Locke
• rejected the idea of
divine right monarchy • defended the right of revolution • separation of powers How Locke’s ideas differed with Thomas Hobbes’s beliefs • 1588-1679 • Thucydides’ History of the Peloponnesian War. • Leviathan • Humans were only portrayed in a mechanical way in society. • Human beings only existed, he said, to meet the needs of daily life. • Hobbes believed that a commonwealth could be established only if humans had their free exercises limited. • absolutist government! Locke’s influences • Descartes and Bacon • He influenced Jefferson in the American Revolution • He influenced France in the French Revolution and in the Declaration of the Rights of Man. • The consent of the governed, the social contract, and the right of revolutions concepts • Declaration of Independence, Bishop George Berkeley, David Hume Works Cited 1. Hart, Michael H. The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History. Rev. ed. Secaucus, NJ: Carol Publishing Group, 1998. Print. 2. Uzgalis, William. "John Locke." Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. N.p., 2007. Web. 25 Oct. 2009. <http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/locke/>. 3. Taylor, Larissa., and Frank N. Magill, eds. The 17th Century: 1601-1700. 1st ed. Hackensack, NJ: Salem Press, 2006. Print. 4. Kagan , Donald, Steven Ozment, and Frank M. Turner. The Western Heritage. 9th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education Inc. , 2007. Print. 5. "John Locke Quotes." Brainy Quote. Google, 2009. Web. 25 Oct. 2009. <http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/j/john_loc ke.html>. 6. http://cla.calpoly.edu/~lcall/locke.html 7. http://oregonstate.edu/instruct/phl302/philosophers/locke.html 8. Hayes, Brian J. "John Locke Biography and Philosophy." age-