COMPLEX EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS

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Factorial Designs: Designs with more than one independent variable (or factor) Simplest Factorial Design

2 x 2 factorial design
Has two independent variables Each independent variable has two levels

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2 X 2: type of therapy by type of spider 4 conditions DV: score of spider phobia scale higher the less afraid
Therapy Exposure only Exposure + Cognitive 9 4 6.5 Type of spider means: 7.5 4

Real spider Type of spider Fake spider Therapy means:

6 4 5

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Interpretation of Factorial Designs

Main effects of an independent variable

when the levels of one IV differ while ignoring the values of the other IV

Interaction between the independent variables

when the effect of one IV depends on the level of the other IV

2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Interpretation of Factorial Designs

Main effects of an independent variable Interaction between the independent variables

Therapy Exposure only Real spider 6 4 5 Exposure + Cognitive 9 4 6.5 Type of spider means: 7.5 4 Main effect of type of spider

Type of spider

Fake spider Therapy means:

Interaction
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Main effect of therapy

 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Plot only cell means Use bar graphs when the IV is categorical

Use line graphs when the IV is quantitative

2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Factorial Designs with Manipulated and Non-manipulated Variables

IV x PV designs

(Independent Variable by Participant Variable)

Therapy

Exposure only
Men gender Women Therapy means: 6 4 5

Exposure + Cognitive
9 4 6.5

Gender means:
7.5 4

2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.


1.

Outcomes of a 2 x 2 Factorial Design

There may be a significant main effect for independent variable A There may be a significant main effect for independent variable B There may be a significant interaction between the independent variables (See results in following slides)

2.

3.

2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Simple main effect of type of therapy at each type of spider

Therapy Exposure only Exposure + Cognitive 9 4 6.5 Type of spider means: 7.5 4

Real spider Type of spider Fake spider Therapy means:

6 4 5

2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Simple main effect of type of spider at each type of therapy

Therapy Exposure only Exposure + Cognitive 9 4 6.5 Type of spider means: 7.5 4

Real spider Type of spider Fake spider Therapy means:

6 4 5

2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Interactions and Simple Main Effects

Simple main effect of type of therapy at each type of spider

2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Interactions and Simple Main Effects

Simple main effect of type of therapy at each type of spider Simple main effect of type of spider at each type of therapy

vs vs

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Assignment Procedures and Factorial Designs

Independent groups design

Participants are only in one level of an IV Participants are in all levels of an IV

Repeated measures design

Mixed factorial design using combined assignment

One IV is independent, the other is repeated

2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.