SIMPLE PRESENT 2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS 3. SIMPLE PAST 4.

PAST CONTINUOUS
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1. SIMPLE PRESENT
A. Form
(+) {S+V+s/es + complement} Mr. John reads a newspaper every morning Mrs. Rita always goes to her office at seven in the morning (-) {S + do/does + not + V + complement} He does not read a newspaper every morning She does not always go to her office at seven in the morning (?) {Do/does+ S + V + complement} Does he read a newspaper every morning? Does she always go to her office at seven in the morning?

B. Function
To express habits, general truth, repeated actions or unchanging situations, emotions and wishes: I smoke (habit), I work in London (unchanging situation), Medan is a capital of North Sumatra (general truth) 2. To give instructions or directions: You walk for two hundred metres, then you turn left. 3. To express fixed arrangements, present or future Your exam starts at 09.00 4. To express future time, after some conjunctions: after, when, before, as soon as, until: Hell give it to you when you come next Saturday
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2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS
A. Form
Affirmative Subject She + to be is Negative Subject She + to be + not is not (isnt) Interrogative + base + ing talking + base +ing talking

To be Is

+ subject She

+ base + ing Talking?

Affirmative

Negative

Interrogative

I am running

I am not running

Am I running?

You are running

You are not running

Are you running?

He, she, it is running

He, she, it is not running

Is he, she, it running?

We are running

We are not running

Are we running?

You are running

You are not running

Are you running?

They are running

They are not running

Are they running?

B. Function
To describe an action that is going on at this moment example : You are using the internet. You are studying English grammar 2. To describe an action that is going on during this period of time or a trend. example : Are you still working for the same company? More and more people are becoming vegetarian. 3. To describe an action or event in the future, which has already been planned or prepared. example : Im meeting my boyfriend tonight. Are they visiting you next winter?
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3. SIMPLE PAST
A. Form

regular verbs : base + ed e.g. walked, showed, watched, played, smiled, stopped.

Irregular verbs like : gave, bought, saw, wrote, sang.

Affirmative Subject I I Subject They Did Did Verb 2 (Past) Washed Bought Negative Did not Didnt Interrogative Subject She Infinitive without to Arrive .? Infinitive without to Visit .. Complement plates A car

B. Function
Talking about a completed action in a time before now. Duration is not important. The time of the action can be in the recent past or the distant past. My grand father died last year. We crossed the channel yesterday 2. You always use the simple past when you say something happened, so it is associated with certain past time expressions such as below : last week, when I was a child, yesterday, six weeks ago, the other day, a long time ago, once upon time. example : - Yesterday, I arrived at Jakarta - We saw a good film last week - He sent me a letter six months ago
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4. PAST CONTINUOUS
A. Form
Affirmative Subject Negative Was/were Interrogative Base - ing

I was playing
You were playing He, she, it was playing We were playing You were playing

I was not playing

You were not playing She wasnt playing We werent playing You werent playing

Was I playing?
Were you playing? Was she playing? Were we playing? Were you playing?

They were playing

They werent playing

Were they playing?

B. Function
Describe actions or events in a time before now, which began in the past and was still going on at the time of speaking. In other words, it expresses an unfinished or incomplete action in the past. e.g. They were talking when the teacher was teaching. 2. To describe an unfinished action that was interrupted by another event or action : I was having a beautiful dream when the alarm clock rang. 3. To express a change of mind: e.g. I was going to spend the day at the beach but Ive decided to go on an excursion instead. 4. With wonder, to make a very polite request: e.g. I was wondering if you could baby-sit for me tonight.
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To be continued

Suggestions as well as constructive criticism will be warmly welcome and highly appreciated.