An Introduction To Programming With C++: Fifth Edition

An Introduction to Programming with C++
Fifth Edition
Chapter 11 Arrays
Objectives
Declare and initialize a one-dimensional array Manipulate a one-dimensional array Explain the bubble sort algorithm Pass a one-dimensional array to a function Use parallel one-dimensional arrays
An Introduction to Programming with C++, Fifth Edition
Objectives (continued)
Declare and initialize a two-dimensional array Enter data into a two-dimensional array Search a two-dimensional array Utilize a one-dimensional array in a .NET C++ program
Concept Lesson
Using Arrays One-Dimensional Arrays Storing Data in a One-Dimensional Array Manipulating One-Dimensional Arrays Passing a One-Dimensional Array to a Function
Concept Lesson (continued)

Using Parallel One-Dimensional Arrays Two-Dimensional Arrays Storing Data in a Two-Dimensional Array Searching a Two-Dimensional Array
Using Arrays
Simple variable is unrelated to other variables in computers internal memory
Also called a scalar variable
Array is a group of variables

Same name and data type Variables are related in some way Most commonly used
One-dimensional Three-dimensional
One-Dimensional Arrays
Visualize a one-dimensional array as a column of variables
Subscript (or index) identifies each variable
Indicates the variables position in the array Subscript of first variable is 0
Element
Begin by populating the array so it does not contain garbage

An Introduction to Programming with C++, Fifth Edition 7
One-Dimensional Arrays (continued)
Storing Data in a One-Dimensional Array

Can use an assignment statement to enter data into an array
See Figure 11-3
Can use >> and getline()

See Figure 11-4
Storing Data in a One-Dimensional Array (continued)
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Manipulating One-Dimensional Arrays

Common array manipulation functions
Display the contents of an array Access an array element using its subscript Search an array Calculate the average of the data stored in an array Find the highest value stored in an array Update the array elements Sort the array elements using bubble sort
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Displaying the Contents of a One-Dimensional Array

Function may need simply to display the contents of an array
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Displaying the Contents of a One-Dimensional Array (continued)
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Using the Subscript to Access an Element in a One-Dimensional Array

Before accessing element, verify if subscript is valid
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Searching a One-Dimensional Array

Sales manager wants to determine the number of salespeople selling above a specific amount
Function searches the sales array
Array contains amount sold by each salesperson Look for values greater than the amount provided by sales manager
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Searching a One-Dimensional Array (continued)
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Calculating the Average Amount Stored in a One-Dimensional Numeric Array

Prof. Jeremiah wants to calculate and display average test score earned by students on final
Function adds test scores that are stored in array
Then, divide sum by number of elements
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Calculating the Average Amount Stored in a One-Dimensional Numeric Array (continued)
20
Determining the Highest Value Stored in a One-Dimensional Array

Sharon Johnson keeps track of the amount of money she earns each week
Function displays highest amount earned in a week
Stores pay amounts in a one-dimensional array
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Determining the Highest Value Stored in a One-Dimensional Array (continued)
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Updating the Values Stored in a One-Dimensional Array

Sales manager at Jillian Company wants a function that increases the price of each item company sells
Function stores prices in a one-dimensional array
Then, increase value stored in each element Also, display each items new price on screen
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Updating the Values Stored in a One-Dimensional Array (continued)
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Sorting the Values Stored in a One-Dimensional Array

Arranging data in a specific order is called sorting
Ascending or descending order
Bubble sort is quick and easy (for small arrays)

Adjacent elements that are out of order are swapped
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Sorting the Values Stored in a One-Dimensional Array (continued)
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Passing a One-Dimensional Array to a Function

By default, scalar variables are passed by value
To pass by reference, use address-of (&) operator
Arrays in C++ are passed by reference

More efficient Address of first element is passed to function Address-of operator is not used
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Passing a One-Dimensional Array to a Function (continued)
34
Using Parallel One-Dimensional Arrays

Takoda Tapahe wants a program that displays the price of the item whose product ID she enters
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Using Parallel One-Dimensional Arrays (continued)

Parallel arrays are two or more arrays whose elements are related by their position in the arrays
Related by their subscript
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Two-Dimensional Arrays
Two-dimensional array resembles a table
Elements are in rows and columns Each element is identified by two subscripts
Subscripts specify the variables row and column position in the array
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Two-Dimensional Arrays (continued)
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Two-Dimensional Arrays (continued)
41
Storing Data in a Two-Dimensional Array

You can use an assignment statement to enter data into a two-dimensional array
Or use >> and getline()
Use two loops to access every element in a twodimensional array

One loop tracks row subscript Other loop tracks column subscript
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Storing Data in a Two-Dimensional Array (continued)
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Searching a Two-Dimensional Array

Two one-dimensional (parallel) arrays can be replaced with one two-dimensional array
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Searching a Two-Dimensional Array (continued)
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Summary
An array is a group of variables that have the same name and data type and are related in some way
One-dimensional
Visualize as a column of variables
Two-dimensional
Visualize as a table
You must declare an array before you can use it Each elements in a one-dimensional array is assigned a subscript
First element has subscript 0
Summary (continued)
Parallel arrays are two or more arrays whose elements are related by their subscript in the arrays To create a two-dimensional array specify the number of rows and columns
Each element is identified by two subscripts
First subscript represents the elements row location Second subscript represents its column location
Use two loops to access every element in a twodimensional array
51
Application Lesson: Using Arrays in a C++ Program

Lab 11.1: Stop and Analyze Lab 11.2
Program should either display the monthly rainfall amounts on the screen or calculate and display the total rainfall amount
Lab 11.3
Modified program will use a value-returning function, calcTotal(), to calculate the total rainfall amount
Lab 11.4: Desk-Check Lab Lab 11.5: Debugging Lab


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An Introduction to Programming with C++

An Introduction to Programming with C++, Fifth Edition

An Introduction to Programming with C++, Fifth Edition

An Introduction to Programming with C++, Fifth Edition

Concept Lesson (continued)

An Introduction to Programming with C++, Fifth Edition

Array is a group of variables

An Introduction to Programming with C++, Fifth Edition

Begin by populating the array so it does not contain garbage

One-Dimensional Arrays (continued)

An Introduction to Programming with C++, Fifth Edition

Storing Data in a One-Dimensional Array

Can use >> and getline()

An Introduction to Programming with C++, Fifth Edition

Storing Data in a One-Dimensional Array (continued)

An Introduction to Programming with C++, Fifth Edition

Storing Data in a One-Dimensional Array (continued)

An Introduction to Programming with C++, Fifth Edition

Storing Data in a One-Dimensional Array (continued)

An Introduction to Programming with C++, Fifth Edition

Manipulating One-Dimensional Arrays

An Introduction to Programming with C++, Fifth Edition

Displaying the Contents of a One-Dimensional Array

An Introduction to Programming with C++, Fifth Edition

Displaying the Contents of a One-Dimensional Array (continued)

An Introduction to Programming with C++, Fifth Edition

Using the Subscript to Access an Element in a One-Dimensional Array

An Introduction to Programming with C++, Fifth Edition

Searching a One-Dimensional Array

An Introduction to Programming with C++, Fifth Edition

Searching a One-Dimensional Array (continued)

An Introduction to Programming with C++, Fifth Edition

Calculating the Average Amount Stored in a One-Dimensional Numeric Array

An Introduction to Programming with C++, Fifth Edition

Calculating the Average Amount Stored in a One-Dimensional Numeric Array (continued)

An Introduction to Programming with C++, Fifth Edition

Determining the Highest Value Stored in a One-Dimensional Array

An Introduction to Programming with C++, Fifth Edition

Determining the Highest Value Stored in a One-Dimensional Array (continued)

An Introduction to Programming with C++, Fifth Edition

Updating the Values Stored in a One-Dimensional Array

An Introduction to Programming with C++, Fifth Edition

Updating the Values Stored in a One-Dimensional Array (continued)

An Introduction to Programming with C++, Fifth Edition

Sorting the Values Stored in a One-Dimensional Array

Bubble sort is quick and easy (for small arrays)

An Introduction to Programming with C++, Fifth Edition

Sorting the Values Stored in a One-Dimensional Array (continued)

An Introduction to Programming with C++, Fifth Edition

Sorting the Values Stored in a One-Dimensional Array (continued)

An Introduction to Programming with C++, Fifth Edition

Sorting the Values Stored in a One-Dimensional Array (continued)

An Introduction to Programming with C++, Fifth Edition

Sorting the Values Stored in a One-Dimensional Array (continued)

An Introduction to Programming with C++, Fifth Edition

Sorting the Values Stored in a One-Dimensional Array (continued)

An Introduction to Programming with C++, Fifth Edition

Sorting the Values Stored in a One-Dimensional Array (continued)

An Introduction to Programming with C++, Fifth Edition

Sorting the Values Stored in a One-Dimensional Array (continued)

An Introduction to Programming with C++, Fifth Edition

Passing a One-Dimensional Array to a Function

Arrays in C++ are passed by reference