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  • Negotiating Rice: Japan's Entry Into The Trans-Pacific Partnership

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    The agricultural sector of Japan, especially its rice sector, is among the most highly protected among industrialised countries. Through a mixture of acreage control and price support policies, as well as high import tariffs, Japan's rice production has remained stagnant in productivity, output and farmers' incomes. In light of this, the decision by Prime Minister Abe Shinzō to join the negotiations around the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), an ambitious zero-tariff agreement including the economies of the U.S., Australia and New Zealand, has caused harsh protests by farmers' associations throughout the country. Drawing on the concept of "two-level games" from International Relations theory, this presentation explores the events that led to Japan's participation in the TPP and the impact a successful agreement may have on rice farming in Japan. Ms. Lisa Joerke University of Warwick International Politics and East Asia & Intern Social Sciences Division Friday, April 11, 2014 1:15-2:15pm SSD Conference Room, Drilon Hall

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    The agricultural sector of Japan, especially its rice sector, is among the most highly protected among industrialised countries. Through a mixture of acreage control and price support policies, as well as high import tariffs, Japan's rice production has remained stagnant in productivity, output and farmers' incomes. In light of this, the decision by Prime Minister Abe Shinzō to join the negotiations around the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), an ambitious zero-tariff agreement including the economies of the U.S., Australia and New Zealand, has caused harsh protests by farmers' associations throughout the country. Drawing on the concept of "two-level games" from International Relations theory, this presentation explores the events that led to Japan's participation in the TPP and the impact a successful agreement may have on rice farming in Japan. Ms. Lisa Joerke University of Warwick International Politics and East Asia & Intern Social Sciences Division Friday, April 11, 2014 1:15-2:15pm SSD Conference Room, Drilon Hall

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    189 vizualizări16 pagini

    Negotiating Rice: Japan's Entry Into The Trans-Pacific Partnership

    Încărcat de

    irri_social_sciences
    The agricultural sector of Japan, especially its rice sector, is among the most highly protected among industrialised countries. Through a mixture of acreage control and price support policies, as well as high import tariffs, Japan's rice production has remained stagnant in productivity, output and farmers' incomes. In light of this, the decision by Prime Minister Abe Shinzō to join the negotiations around the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), an ambitious zero-tariff agreement including the economies of the U.S., Australia and New Zealand, has caused harsh protests by farmers' associations throughout the country. Drawing on the concept of "two-level games" from International Relations theory, this presentation explores the events that led to Japan's participation in the TPP and the impact a successful agreement may have on rice farming in Japan. Ms. Lisa Joerke University of Warwick International Politics and East Asia & Intern Social Sciences Division Friday, April 11, 2014 1:15-2:15pm SSD Conference Room, Drilon Hall

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    Japans Entry into the Trans-Pacific Partnership

    Negotiating Rice

    Lisa Jrke

    IRRI Division Seminar, 11 April 2014

    How are international trade negotiations and farmers livelihoods connected?

    The Trans-Pacific Partnership


    Brunei Chile New Zealand Singapore United States Australia Peru Vietnam Malaysia Mexico Canada Japan

    Two-level (Robert D.in Putnam 1988) Rice games production Japan


    Gentan system of acreage control Producer price support

    High import tariffs (778% for rice)


    High consumer prices

    Rice production in Japan


    Overaged farmers Low farming incomes Many part-time farmers High land fragmentation
    Land ownership in hectares, 2010

    <0.5 0.5-1.0 1.0-2.0 ha >2.0

    How did Japan join the TPP?

    Two-level games (Putnam 1988)


    Negotiation processes taking place on two levels: I International (negotiators) II Domestic (President, political parties, business, interest groups, public)

    An agreement on level I must be ratified on level II.

    Level I: International trade dynamics


    International trade rounds pushing for more liberalisation in agriculture (Uruguay and Doha rounds of the GATT/WTO) Overall regional liberalisation and high-level trade agreements (KORUS, etc.) Rise of China and other economic powers in the region Pressure from the US and Mexico (beef and citrus), as well as from Australia (dairy)

    Why did Japan politics join the in TPP? Level II: Domestic Japan
    Voting system tilted towards rural votes farmer support from all parties Influential agricultural cooperatives (JA)

    Special interest politicians


    But also strong business elite, powerful METI

    Volatile public
    Historically weak Prime Minister

    How did Japan join the TPP?


    Why did Japan not join earlier?
    November 2010 First statement by Naoto Kan about preliminary consultations with TPP member states Renewed confirmation to hold consultations by Yoshihiko Noda Final announcement of Japans participation in the TPP by Shinz Abe

    November 2011

    March 2013

    Domestic dynamics
    Naoto Kan
    Strong resistance within the DPJ and from the opposition Unpopular after announcing a tax reform and 3/11

    Yoshihiko Noda
    Sealed his political fate with the tax reform

    Domestic dynamics

    Shinz Abe
    Very stable minority in the Diet
    High popularity with Abenomics policy Less dependence on farmers votes

    Foreign pressure (gaiatsu)


    Lost Decades Low FTA coverage Fear to fall behind economically compared to other economies in the region Proactive Asia policy by US President Obama

    So what makes conclusions the difference? Preliminary


    Political system Other policy issues Role of public support Issue linkage Foreign pressure

    What does it mean for rice farmers?


    Japanese agriculture needs to be modernised with or without the TPP The TPP may necessitate agricultural reform as existing policies protecting farmers will have to be changed But liberalisation does not automatically entail reform

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