DEFFINATION ;- nomenclature

refers to the terminology or set

of technical terms that is
employed in a particular branch
of science.
TERMINOLOGY RELATED
TO VARIOUS TOOTH
SURFACES
FACIAL SURFACE ;-
LABIAL SURFACE;- FACING TOWARD LIP
BUCCAL SURFACE ;-FACING TOWARD CHEEKS
LINGUAL SURFACE ;- FACING TOWARDS TONGUE
PALATAL SURFACE ;-FACING TOWARD PALATE
MESIAL SURFACE;-FACING TOWARD MIDLINE
DISTAL SURFACE;-FACING AWAY FROM MIDLINE
INSISAL SURFACE;-FUNCTIONAL EDGE OF INCISSOR OR
CANNINE
OCCLUSAL SURFACE ;- MASTICATING SURFACE OF
PREMOLAR OR MOLAR
CERVICAL PORTION;-PORTION OF TOOTH
RELATED TO NECK OF TOOTH
GINGIVAL PORTION ;-PORTION OF TOOTH
RELATED TO GINGIVA
TERMINOLOGY RELATED TO
CARIES
ACCORDING TO
LOCATION,CARIES CAN BE
PRIMARY CARIES;-
.PIT AND FISSURE CARIES
.SMOOTH SURFACE CARIES
.ROOT SURFACE CARIES
.RESIDUAL CARIES
SECONDARY /RECURRENT CARIES
ACCORDING TO AMOUNT OF
TOOTH INVOLVEMENT;-
INCIPITENT CARIES
ADVANCED /CAVITED CARIES
ACCORDING TO RATE OF
PROGRESSING OF CARIES;-
ACUTE CARIES
CHRONIC CARIES
• PIT AND FISSURE CARIES;- caries
begning in pit and fissures .pit and fissures
are imperfect coalescence of
developmental enamel lobes.
• Smooth surface caries;-caries invading
the smooth surface of tooth covered by
plaque for prolonged period
• Root surface caries;-also called senile caries
.caries occuring in the exposed surface of
roots covered with plaque for prolonged time.
• Residual caries;-caries that remain after
cavity preparation.
• Secondary caries;- are recurrent caries that
begins around or beneath restoration
• Incipitent caries;-also called initial caries or
reversible caries .it is the begning of carious
activity and appears as white opaque areas.
• Advanced /cavited caries;-caries that
progress to dentoenamel junction and is no
longer reversible.
• Acute caries;-caries of rapid onset ,ie
rampent and nursing bottle caries
• Chronic caries;caries of slower onset ,they
are dark brown to black in colour.
Terminology related to other defects of
tooth;-
Attrition ;-loss of tooth structure due to
frictional contact of opposing teeth.
Abrasion ;-wearing of tooth structure due to
direct frictional force between teeth and
externel object ie tooth brush
Erosion;-it is the dissolution of the tooth
structure by chemicomechanical action
Abfraction;-it is the wedge shaped defeact in
the cervical portion due to high occlusal
forces.
Fracture;- break in the continuity of the
tooth surface due to traumatic injury.
Enamel hypoplasia ;-defective formation of
enamel due to injury to the ameloblast during
the formative years.
NOMENCLATURE RELATED TO
CAVITY PREPARATION
Cavity;- it is the defect in the enamel or both
in enamel and dentin
Cavity preparation;-it is the alteration of the
defective diseased or injured toothstructure
by dental dental surgical procedure and
subsiquently shaping the remaining enamel
and dentin to receive a restorative material
such that the tooth returns to its normal
form ,function and esthetic.
Intracoronal cavity preparation;-it is the
cavity preparation in the interiour of the tooth
Extracoronal cavity preparation ;-cavity
preparation that involves the exteriour of the
tooth.
Simple cavity;-cavities involving only one
surface of tooth e.g mesial ,distal ,facial ..
Coumpound cavity ;-cavity involving two
adjoining surfaces of tooth e.g mesio occlusal
cavity ,mesio buccal cavity,…
Complex cavity;-cavities involving more
than two adjoining surfaces of tooth.
VARIOUS WALLS IN CAVITY
PREPARATION

Internal wall;-surface of prepared cavity that

does not extend to exteriour of tooth.
External wall;-surface of prepared cavity that
extend to exteriour of the tooth.
Floor/seat of cavity;-any cavity wall that is flat
and is perpendicular to the occluso-gingivally
directed force. E.g pulpal & gingival wall.
Facial wall; a)labial wall;- facing towards lips
b)buccal wall;-facing towards
cheeks
Lingual wall;-facing towards tongue and
palate.
Incisor/occlusal wall;-walls facing toward
incisal and occlusal portion of tooth.
Mesial/distal wall;-walls facing the mesial
and the distal aspect of tooth.
Axial wall;-wall nearest the pulp and parrell
to the long axis of tooth.
Pulpal wall;-wall neareat the pulp and
perpendicular to long axis of tooth.
Gingival wall;-wall facing the gingiva.
Subpulpal wall;-when the pulpal chamber is
accesed and the roof of the pulp chamber is
removed ,the floor of the pulp chamber left
behind is called subpulpal wall.
VARIOUS ANGLES IN CAVITY
PREPARATION
ANGLE ;- junction of two or more surfaces of
a prepared cavity is called angle.
Line angle;-the angle formed at the junction
of two adjoining walls in a cavity preparation
is reffered to as line angle.
Point angle;-the angle formed at the
junction of three adjoining walls in a cavity
preparation is reffered as point angle.
Axial line angle;-any line angle parrell to the
long axis of the tooth.
Pulpal line angle ;-any line angle horizontal
to the long axis of the tooth.
Cavosurface angle;-angle formed at the
junction of the cavity walls and the unprepard
tooth surface.
TYPICAL CLASS 1 facial (f),
Line angles are Point angles are
CAVITY distal(d)
1.faciopulpal (fp), 1.distofaciopulpal(dfp),
lingual (I),
2.distofacial (df), 2.distolinguopulpal (dlp),
mesial (m),
3.distopulpal (dp), 3.mesiolinguopulpal (mlp)
pulpal (p).
4.distolingual (dl), 4.mesiofaciopulpal (mfp
5.linguopulpal (Ip),
6.mesiolingual (ml),
7.mesiopulpal (mp),
8.mesiofacial(mf)
Typical Class II
mesioocclusal
BEVELS;-
Ultra short/partial bevel;-involving the part
of enamel
Short bevel;-involving entire enamel wall.
Long bevel;-involving all enamel wall and
upto one half of dentinal wall.
Full bevel;-involves all enamel and dentinal
wall
Hollow bevel;-it is concave preparation
involves only enamel or enamel and part of
dentine.
Inverted bevel;-it is a incline in the labial
shoulder for metal ceramic crown.
CLASSIFICATIO OF CAVITIES by
G.V. BLACK
Class 1 cavities;-cavities begning in the
structural defect like the pit and the fissures
that occur on the occlusal surface of the
permolar and the molar ,occlusal two-third of
the buccal and the lingual surface of the
molar,the lingual surface of the incisor and
and any abberent location.
Class 2 cavities;-cavities in the proximal
surface of the premolar and molar.
Class 3 cavities;-cavities on the proximal
surface of the incisor and canines but not
involving the incisal angle.
Class 4 cavities;-cavities on the proximal
surface of the incisor and canines but also
involving the incisal angle.
Class 5 cavities;-cavities on the gingival
third of the facial and lingual surface of all
teeth.
Class 6 cavities;-cavities on the incisal edge
and cusp tips of all teeth.
THANK YOU

ARNAB KAR
C.R.R.I