Drilling, Boring, Reaming, and Tapping

Session 11

To Spot and Drill Work in a Chuck

Spotting ensures drill will start in center of work Spotting tool used to make shallow, Vshaped hole in center of work
Provides start for drill to follow

Most cases hole spotted quickly using center drill

Extreme accuracy use spotting/ chamfering toolbit
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Spotting Work in a Chuck

1. Mount work true in chuck 2. Set lathe to proper speed for type of material

3. Check tailstock and make sure in line

4. Spot hole with center drill or spotting tool

Drilling Work in a Chuck

1. Mount twist drill in tailstock spindle, drill chuck, or drill holder 2. Start lathe and set for proper RPM for workpiece and cutting tool 3. With tailstock spindle handle, move drill tip to end of part. Note reading on tailstock spindle. 4. Drill to desired depth, applying cutting fluid frequently
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Spotting Work in a Chuck

5. To gage depth of hole, use graduations on tailstock spindle, or measure depth with steel rule 6. Withdraw drill frequently to break and/or remove chips and measure depth of hole 7. If hole is through, always ease force on feed as drill breaks through work

Boring
Operation of enlarging and truing drilled or cored hole with single-point cutting tool For producing special-diameter holes May be drilled in lathe, but not accurate
Drill become dull or hit hard spot and wander Reamer will follow drilled hole and be off

For reamed hole to be straight and true

Drill, bore and then ream
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To Bore Work in a Chuck

1. Mount work in chuck; face, spot, and drill hole approximately .060 in undersize 2. Select boring bar as large as possible and have it extend beyond holder only enough to clear depth of hole to be bored 3. Mount boring bar holder in toolpost on left-hand side of compound rest
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Boring Work in a Chuck

4. Set boring toolbit on center 5. Set lathe to proper speed and select medium feed 6. Start lathe and bring boring tool into contact with inside diameter of hole 7. Take light trial cut .250 inch long at right-hand end of work 8. Stop lathe and measure hole diameter with telescopic gage or inside micrometer
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Boring Work in a Chuck

9. Determine amount of material to be removed from hole
0.10 to 0.20 in. for a finish cut

10. Set depth of cut for half amount of metal to be removed 11. Start lathe and take roughing cut
Slow lathe speed and increase feed if chatter
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Boring Work in a Chuck

12. Stop lathe and bring boring tool out of hole without moving crossfeed handle 13. Set depth of finish cut and bore hole to size
Fine feed recommended for good surface finish

13. Check hole diameter

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Reaming
Quickly obtain accurately sized hole and produce good surface finish May be performed after hole drilled and bored

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Reaming Work on a Lathe

1. Mount work in chuck; face, spot, and drill hole to size
Holes under .500 in drill .015 in. undersize Holes over .500 in. drill .030 in. undersize Holes true bored .010 in. undersize Holes .625 in and larger, fasten lathe dog near reamer shank and support tail
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2. Mount reamer in drill chuck or drill holder

Reaming Work on a Lathe

3. Set lathe to approximately half drilling speed 4. Bring reamer close to hole and lock tailstock in position 5. Start lathe, apply cutting fluid to reamer and slowly geed it into drilled or bored hole with tailstock handwheel

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Reaming Work on a Lathe

6. Occasionally remove reamer from hole to clear chips from flutes and apply cutting fluid 7. Once hole reamed, stop lathe and remove reamer from hole

Caution: Never turn lathe spindle or reamer backward for any reason. This will damage reamer!
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Tapping
One method of producing an internal thread on a lathe Tap aligned by placing point of lathe dead center in chuck end of tap to guide while tap turned by tap wrench When tapping hole in lathe, lock spindle and turn tap by hand

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To Tap a Hole in a Lathe

1. Mount work in chuck; face and center drill 2. Select proper tap drill for tap to be used 3. Set lathe to proper speed 4. Drill with tap drill to required depth
Use cutting fluid if required

5. Chamfer edge of hole slightly larger than tap diameter

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To Tap a Hole in a Lathe

6. Stop lathe and lock spindle, or put lathe in its lowest speed 7. Place taper tap in hole and support shank with tailstock center 8. With suitable wrench, turn tap, keeping dead center snug into shank of tap by turning tailstock handwheel

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To Tap a Hole in a Lathe

9. Apply cutting fluid while tapping hole 10. Back off tap frequently to break the chip 11. Remove taper tap and finish tapping hole with plug or bottoming tap

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Grinding on a Lathe
May do cylindrical and internal grinding
Toolpost mounted on lathe used for cylindrical and taper grinding Internal attachment permits grinding of straight and tapered holes

Should be done on lathe only when no other machine available Work rotates in opposite direction to grinding wheel so lathe must be equipped with reversing switch
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Grinding a Lathe Center

1. 2. 3. 4. Remove chuck or driveplate from spindle Mount lathe center in headstock spindle Set slow spindle speed Swing compound rest to 30 with centerline 5. Protect ways of lathe with cloth or canvas and place pan of water below lathe center
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Grinding a Lathe Center

6. Mount toolpost grinder and adjust center of grinding spindle to center height 7. Mount proper grinding wheel; true and dress 8. Start lathe, with spindle revolving in reverse 9. Start grinder and adjust grinding wheel until it sparks lightly against revolving center
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Grinding a Lathe Center

10. Lock carriage in this position 11. Feed grinding wheel in .001 in. using crossfeed handle 12. Move grinder along face of center using compound rest feed at a steady pace

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Grinding a Lathe Center

11. Check angle of center using center gage, and adjust compound rest if necessary 12. Finish-grind center
Polish center with abrasive cloth at high spindle speed if high finish desired

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