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Agriculture was central to the rise of kingdoms in the Nile Valley. Every time the Nile overflowed its banks its nutrient rich silt was deposited on its shores.
Between 5,000 and 4,000 B.C full time farmers established settlements along the Nile. These settlements eventually grew into regional states known as Upper and Lower Egypt
Time Frame
3900 B. C. E. 2705 2213 B. C. E. 2061 1668 B. C. E. 1560 1070 B. C. E. 332 30 B. C. E. 30 B. C. E. 395 C. E.
Menes:
The unification of Upper and Lower Egypt marked the beginning of the 3,000 year civilization of Ancient Egypt.
Each time a kingdom ended, Egypt entered a period of confusion that lasted until a new dynasty restored order.
Peasant Homes
Perfume
Whigs
Egyptian Kings were called Pharaohs. Originally it was the rulers palaces that were known as Pharaohs, meaning Great House
1504-1450 B. C. E.
1279-1212 B. C. E.
Thutmose III
Ramses II
Papyrus Paper
Papyrus Plant
Egyptian writing was known as hieroglyphics. This form of writing is based on picture like symbols that are carved into stone tablets / monuments or placed on papyrus
Hieroglyphics Alphabet
24 letters + 700 phonetic symbols
2,525
Egyptian Scribe
A system of writing allowed Egyptians to keep records of the Kingdoms history, knowledge, and business matters, i.e. taxes.
They were expected to rule in both this life and the next
They believed that the afterlife went on forever, so they made elaborate preparations for their deaths.
Egyptians made huge tombs filled with luxuries for their eternal comfort
The step pyramid is made of six stone platforms and is the oldest standing building in the world
Largest Pyramid
The construction of monuments drained the Old Kingdom financially. In time droughts and weak kings led to the decline of this civilization
During the Middle Kingdom the rulers planned for droughts by digging irrigation systems that piped water from the Nile into storage basins.
They rolled into the Nile River Valley In revolutionary two wheeled chariots
Rulers of The New Kingdom learned from The Hyksos. They stole their ideas for horse drawn chariots / bronze weapons, and used them to drive out the Hyksos.
King Tutankhamon