PRINCIPLES OF BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 2 AQS 1291

Assoc Prof Dr Ir Maisarah Ali

1.0 DOORS

CONTENTS External Door Internal Door Panelled doors Flush doors Fire doors Frame Lining Door Hardware and protection

DOORS
a screen to seal an opening into a building or between rooms within a building Functions

To

allow access Aesthetics

DOORS - TWO CLASSES

External Doors

Internal Doors

EXTERNAL DOORS - characteristics

Provide security Be acceptable in appearance Preserve the internal heat of the

building Maintain level of sound insulation Have durability in respect of the weather Sufficient width to allow entry of household items and pedestrians

EXTERNAL DOORS
More robust, heavier and thicker than internal

doors Typical width 762, 838 & 914 mm Height 1981mm Thickness 40 -50 mm Incorporated various features to prevent draughts and damp penetration

INTERNAL DOORS
Used to close the access through internal

walls Generally thinner than external door as weather protection is not required Located in linings of much simpler construction

TYPES OF DOOR
Panelled and glazed

wood doors Flush doors Flush fire doors Matchboarded doors Sliding Door

MODE OF OPERATIONS
Swinging Bifold Accordion Sliding Overhead Coiling

MATERIALS Wood

Solid wood Plywood Weatherboards

Glass
Metal

DOOR TERMINOLOGY
Top Rail

Bottom Rail
Stile Muntin Intermediate Rail Solid Panel Glass Panel

TYPICAL CONFIGURATION FOR DOOR

Flush

Glass
Narrow life Single panel Two panels Four panel Six panels Louver Storm/screen

VARYING TYPES OF DOOR PANEL

Two Panel

Multiple Panel
Traditional Panel

JOINTS USED IN FRAMING THE DOOR

Dowelled joint

superior Cheaper to use in the mass production Mortise and tenon

More

PANELS
Solid wood

Plywood
Weatherboards

Fire specification could be achieved by lining with 6mm glass-reinforced plasterboard or use double layers 6mm

Enhancement of Panels
Raised and

fielded Bevel raised and fielded Add ornamental bead around each panel

FLUSH DOORS
Mainly used for internal door

Component of frame stiles, top & bottom rails

Face finish flat Materials for facing Hardboard Plywood Veneered plywood Plastic laminate

Easy to clean and decorate, free from moulding,

collection of dust

FORMS OF FLUSH DOOR

Hollow - cheapest

Skeleton
Cellular Laminated - most

expensive

HOLLOW VS SOLID
Hollow

facing is fixed on outer frame Facing has the tendency to deflect between core members
overcome deflection problems improve sound properties Higher degree oh fire resistance & security

Solid

FLUSH DOOR - ANOTHER METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION

Infill the voids with

lightweight material such as foamed plastic Give support to the facing Will not add appreciably to the weight

FLUSH DOOR - DISADVANTAGE

Very vulnerable to

damage at the edge Thus lipping of solid material should be fixed at least to the vertical edges

STEEL FLUSH DOOR

Common in non residential building

Hollow core
Solid core for exterior used or increase fire

resistance Better acoustical privacy between rooms

STEEL DOOR TYPICAL CONFIGURATION

Flush
Vision Louvered

Vision/louvered
Class Full Glass

Full Louvered
Narrow life

MATCHBOARDED DOORS
Can be used as

external and internal Two forms

Ledged and braced door Framed and braced door

Face made from

tongued and grooved boarding Ledge clamp the boards together

Matchboarded Doors - Ledged and Braced door

Simple and cheap to

construct Disadvantage able to drop at the closing edge thus pulling the door out of square Suitable for sheds, barns

MATCHBOARDED DOORS FRAME LEDGED AND BRACED DOOR

Mortise & tenon frame surround the

matchboarded panel Give additional strength and rigidity Fixing

Hinges 225 mm from top and bottom of the door, third hinge in the midway

Should received a wood priming coat before

delivery. Stored in dry places, final coating before hanging

FIRE DOORS
Provide an effective barrier to passage of fire

for time designated Have a non-combustible mineral core One and half hour for enclosed exit stairway hr or 20 min for between rooms and corridors

FIRE DOORS
3 and 4 hours for openings in fire walls that

separate used within a building or separate building from one another The glass in fire door must be wired glass or fire rated glass to prevent it from falling out during breakage Door along egress route must swing in the direction of egress

FIRE DOORS
Performance FD60S

Fire door , 60 min integrity, smoke resistance

Resistance to smoke penetration & draught

proofing

fit a brush strip seal to the frame Intumescent strip fitted to door edge

Have automatic self closing device

FRAME AND LINING

Attached to the opening in which a door is to

be fitted, It provide a surround for the door The member which the door is fixed or hung Frame external door Lining internal door

TIMBER DOOR FRAME

Made from rectangular

section of timber which a rebate is formed Or to which a planted door stop is fixed to provide the housing for the door Four members- head, two posts or jambs, sill Designed for door opening out and in

DOOR FRAME
Rebate to take the closing

edge of door The gap between door edge and frame needed to accommodate changes in frame dimension caused moisture content Also to preserve internal heat and prevent sound entry

FIXING
Assemble the frame in the wall and then

hung the door. Use L shape ties to tie between the two. L 100-225 mm in the brick wall, 50mm on the frame, 450 c/c Install a prehung unit, shim and nail into place finished with several application of paint (soft wood) or polished (hard wood)

METAL DOOR FRAME

Made from mild steel

Hinges and striking plates are welded on

during manufacture, rust proof treatment Fixed in a similar manner to the timber frame Advantage- will not warp but more expensive

DOOR LINING AND DOOR SET

Made from timber board

25 or 32 mm thick Fixed into opening by bailing or screwing directly into block walls or into plugs in case of brick wall.

Door Lining

DOOR HARDWARE
2 categories

Necessity hinges, knob and latch assemblies locks

Ornamental Knockers Mail slots

PROTECTING DOORS
Dead bolt Strike plate sliding door lock Peephole Barrel bolt Sliding door spacers &pin

The End
Thank You