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Using Crumb Rubber

Modifier to meet US
Demand in High
Performance Asphalt
Dr. Carl Thodesen
and
Dr. Szabolcs Biro
Introduction

• Continuously analyzing market and needs.


• Predicting future trends
• Remedy problems.
• Developing new products and formulas to
satisfy all needs (climate, country) on the
most efficient ways.
Current Market
Current Market
Current Market
Current Market
Current market and
situation
• Large part of the market
accessible only through modifier.
• SBS most widely used modifier.
• “Prudent planners should be
working on the basis that the
availability of SBS polymer will
be tight in the immediate future”
– SBS Polymer supply outlook (August 6. 2008)

• Different countries have different


raw materials.
Different solutions

• Different countries and climatic


zones require different property
materials.
• There is no universal solution.
• Maximum flexibility in
production is required.
Recommendations
• Adopt appropriate modification
depending on climate (can be
different in one country).
Potential Issues

• SBS supply beginning to tighten


• Environmental legislation
promoting use of recycled
resources
• Price variations causing state
agencies to consider other
options
AMAP Recommended
Solutions
• Reacted Ethylene Terpolymer (Elvaloy)
modified binder.
• Ethyl Vinyl Acetate (EVA) modified
binder.
• Polyphosphoric Acid (PPA) + SBS
modified binder.
• Crumb Rubber (CRM) modified binder.
• Hybridized binders (SBS + CRM).
Elasticity CRM-AZ
Elvaloy
EVA
SBS+CRM
20 SBS+PPA
SBS

15
Strain, %

10

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time, s
Our findings

• Crumb rubber modified binder


can be both technically and
economically a good substituent
for SBS modified bitumens.
CRM Binder

• Crumb rubber modified binders


are NOT the same.
• They can satisfy different
standards/requirements by
changing the production
parameters and raw materials
(bitumen, rubber, additives).
CRM Binder vs. CRM binder
8
AZ
Elasticity indicator (tanδ) 7
CA
6 FL
SC
5 TX
4

0
0 20 40 60 80 100

Temperature, oC
CRM Binder vs. CRM binder

Rutting potential indicator (G*/sinδ, Pa)


1e+7
AZ
CA
1e+6 FL
SC
TX
1e+5

1e+4

1e+3

1e+2
0 20 40 60 80 100

Temperature, oC
CRM Binder vs. CRM binder

Rutting potential indicator (G*/sinδ, Pa)


1e+6

1e+5

1e+4

1e+3 AZ
CA
FL
1e+2 SC
TX
Neat binder
1e+1
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
Vehicle speed indicator (Frequency, rad/s)
Properties of CRM
binders
• Not just the rubber concentration,
gradation, but chemical
composition has an effect.
• Importance of asphalt chemical
composition.
• CRM binder formulation is
needed to obtain the best
result.
CRM Binder

• We recall that PG 76 and PG 70


are the most used binders in the
US.
• Crumb rubber can be used to
produce these binders.
• Many specifications achieved
with SBS are possible using
crumb rubber.
SBS vs. CRM Binder

• Many specifications achieved


with SBS are possible to fulfill by
using crumb rubber.
SBS vs. CRM Binder

• New generation of blending


equipment are needed to
provide maximum production
flexibility.
Conclusions

• Polymer modified binder a growing


industry.
• Reduced lifecycle cost makes this
binder more attractive option for
departments of transportation.
• SBS has been market leader to date.
• Butadiene supply issues could
become an issue.
Conclusions

• Crumb rubber is proven to be a


good solution for substituting SBS.
• There are significant differences
between the performance of
crumb rubber modified binders.
• There is no universal solution,
binder formulation is needed.
Conclusions

• Engineering expertise.
• High flexibility in production is
required.
• Right selection of raw materials.
• Crumb rubber producers could
have an effect on better, and
constant quality.

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