Ccna Lec Ipv6

1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc.
IPv6 Needs & Applications

2 2 2 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc.
With millions of new devices becoming IP aware,
the need for increased addressing and plug & play networking
is only met with the implementation of IPv6
IP The Applications Convergence Layer
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IP version 6

IPv6 Protocol
Headers and fields

Version IHL Type of Service Total Length
Identification Flags
Fragment
Offset
Time to Live Protocol Header Checksum
Source Address
Destination Address
Options Padding
Version Traffic Class Flow Label
Payload Length
Next
Header
Hop Limit
Source Address
Destination Address
IPv4 Header IPv6 Header
- fields name kept from IPv4 to IPv6
- fields not kept in IPv6
- Name & position changed in IPv6
- New field in IPv6
Global Routing Prefix
Global IPv6 Address Structure
Interface ID Subnet ID
128 Bits
Network Portion Host Portion
48 Bits 16 Bits 64 Bits
Interface ID identifies a host interface address

Subnet ID 65,536 possible subnets

Global Routing Prefix issued by IANA or RIR to ISPs at /32 or /35 in
length, ISPs then issue to customers with /48 mask

Provides
340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,770,000,000 Addresses....
Rick Graziani graziani@cabrillo.edu 15
Rule 1: Leading 0s
3ffe : 1944 : 0100 : 000a : 0000 : 00bc : 2500 : 0d0b
3ffe : 1944 : 100 : a : 0 : bc : 2500 : d0b

Rule 1: Leading 0s
Practice

3ffe : 0404 : 0001 : 1000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0ef0 : bc00

3ffe : 0000 : 010d : 000a : 00dd : c000 : e000 : 0001

ff02 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0005

Rule 1: Leading 0s
Practice

3ffe : 0404 : 0001 : 1000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0ef0 : bc00
3ffe : 404 : 1 : 1000 : 0 : 0 : ef0 : bc00

3ffe : 0000 : 010d : 000a : 00dd : c000 : e000 : 0001
3ffe : 0 : 10d : a : dd : c000 : e000 : 1

ff02 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0005
ff02 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 5
Rule 2: Double colon :: equals 00000000

ff02 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0005
ff02 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 5
ff02 : : 5

ff02::5
Only a single contiguous string of all-zero segments can be
represented with a double colon.

Example: Both of these are correct

2001 : 0d02 : 0000 : 0000 : 0014 : 0000 : 0000 : 0095
2001 : d02 :: 14 : 0 : 0 : 95
OR
2001 : d02 : 0 : 0 : 14 :: 95

2001 : d02 :: 14 : 0 : 0 : 95
2001 : d02 : 0 : 0 : 14 :: 95


2001:d02::14::95

2001:0d02:0000:0000:0014:0000:0000:0095
2001:0d02:0000:0000:0000:0014:0000:0095
2001:0d02:0000:0014:0000:0000:0000:0095

Network Prefixes
IPv4, the prefixthe network portion of the address
can be identified by a dotted decimal or hexadecimal
address mask or a bitcount.
255.255.255.0 or /24

IPv6 prefixes are always identified by bitcount.
The address is followed by a forward slash and a decimal
number indicating how many of the first bits of the address
are the prefix bits.
3ffe:1944:100:a::/64

Addressing
Unicast
Like IPv4 this address is used for uniquely identifying an
IPv6 node. Packet identified by the destination unicast
address is delivered to the router connecting to the specified
interface
Mulitcast
Packet sent to group of interfaces, packet sent to this
address is sent to the group of nodes in a given scope.
Anycast
Common address assigned to multiple interfaces, packet is
sent to the closest interface to the source as defined by the
routing table
A single interface may be assigned multiple IPv6 addresses of
any type (Unicast, Anycast, Multicast)
No Broadcast Address -> Use Multicast

- One to Nearest
- Redundancy / Backup

29
64 Bits Interface ID
Static IPv6 Address Assignment
R1 R2
Fa0/0
Fa0/0
R1(config)#interface fa0/0
R1(config-if)#ipv6 address 2001:1::1/64
R1(config-if)#ipv6 address 2002:1::1/64
R1#show run interface fa0/0

interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 10.10.10.1 255.255.255.0
duplex auto
speed auto
ipv6 address 2001:1::1/64
ipv6 address 2002:1::1/64
R1#(config) ipv6 unicast-routing
R1# (config) int fa 0/0
R1# (config-if) ipv6 enable
R1# (config-if) ipv6 address 2001::1/64

R2# (config-if) ipv6 address autoconfig

IPv6 Address Auto-Configuration



R1# (config) ipv6 route 2003::1/64 2001::2



R2# (config) ipv6 route 2002::1/64 2001::1

R1#(config-if) ipv6 rip 1 enable
R1# (config-if) ipv6 rip 1 enable


R1#(config) ipv6 router ospf 1
R1#(config-router) router-id 11.1.1.1
R1#(config-if) ipv6 ospf 1 area 0
R1# (config-if) ipv6 ospf 1 area 0

R2#(config) ipv6 router ospf 1
R2#(config-router) router-id 22.2.2.2
R2# (config-if) ipv6 opsf 1 area 0
R2# (config-if) ipv6 ospf 1 area 0

Chapter 8b

IPv4/IPv6 Transition Techniques
A wide range of techniques are available for the
period of transition between IPv4 and IPv6. These
techniques can be grouped into the following three
categories:
Dual-stack techniques: Hosts and network devices
run both IPv4 and IPv6 at the same time.
Tunnelling techniques: Isolated IPv6 networks are
connected over an IPv4 infrastructure using
tunnels.
Translation techniques: A translation device
converts IPv6 packets into IPv4 packets and vice
versa.

Chapter 8b

IPv4/IPv6 Dual Stack
R1 R2
S0/1/0
S0/1/0
2001:1::2/64
10.10.10.2/30

2001:1::1/64
10.10.10.1/30

Lo 101 11::11:1/64
Lo 100 10::10:1/64
10.10.20.1/24
Lo 102 13::13:1/64
10.10.30.1/24
Dual stack is one of the primary technologies that makes the transition to
IPv6 possible.

It is an integration method in which a node has connectivity to both an IPv4
and IPv6 network; thus the node has two protocol stacks.

The two stacks can be on the same interface or on multiple interfaces.

A dual-stack node chooses which stack to use based on destination address;
the node should prefer IPv6 when available.
Chapter 8b

IPv4/IPv6 Tunnelling
IPv6
Network
IPv4
Network
IPv6
Network
IPv6 Header IPv6 Data IPv6 Header IPv6 Data
IPv6 Header IPv6 Data IPv4 Header
Dual-Stack
Router
Dual-Stack
Router
IPv6 Host IPv6 Host
IPv4
Network
IPv4
Network
Dual-Stack
Router
Dual Stack
Host
IPv6 Host
Tunnels are often used in networking to overlay incompatible functions over an existing
network - For IPv6, tunnelling, an IPv6 packet is encapsulated within IPv4.

When tunnelling IPv6 traffic over an IPv4 network, an edge device (such as a router)
encapsulates the IPv6 packet inside an IPv4 packet and the device at the other edge de-
encapsulates it, and vice versa.
Chapter 8b

R2:
Int tunnel 1
Ipv6 enable
Ipv6 address 2006::1/64
Ipv6 ospf 1 area 0
Tunnel source ser 1/0
Tunnel destination 1.1.1.2
Tunnel mode ipv6ip

R3:
Int tunnel 1
Ipv6 enable
Ipv6 address 2006::2/64
Ipv6 ospf 1 area 0
Tunnel source ser 1/0
Tunnel destination 1.1.1.1
Tunnel mode ipv6ip

TRANSITION STRATEGY TUNNELLING
Chapter 8b

IPv4/IPv6 Translation
IPv6
Network
IPv4
Network
2001::10:1/64 2001::20:1/64
NAT-PT
Device Source Destination
192.168.30.1 192.168.2.2
Source Destination
Host A
2001::10:1/64
Host B
192.168.30.1
For legacy equipment that will not be upgraded to IPv6 and for some
deployment scenarios, techniques are available for connecting IPv4-
only nodes to IPv6-only nodes, using translation, an extension of NAT
techniques.
NAT-PT is a translation mechanism that sits between an IPv6 network
and an IPv4 network.

The job of the translator is to translate IPv6 packets into IPv4
packets and vice versa; it is more than an address translator, it is
really a protocol translator.
Multicast Prefix
IPv6 Multicast Address Structure
Group ID Scope
8 Bits 4 Bits 112 Bits
Flags
4 Bits
Address Multicast Group
FF02::1 All Nodes
FF02::2 All Routers
FF02::5 OSPFv3
Routers
FF02::6 OSPFv3 DRs
FF02::9 RIPng Routers
FF02::A EIGRP Routers
FF02::D All PIM
Routers
A multicast address identifies not
one device but a set of devices a
multicast group.

A packet being sent to a multicast
group is originated by a single device
a multicast packet has a unicast
address as its source and a
multicast address as its destination.

Multicast is essential to the basic
operation of IPv6, particularly some
of its plug-and-play features such as
neighbour discovery and
autoconfiguration.

Ccna Lec Ipv6

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1 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc.

IPv6 Needs & Applications

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