BIO ETHANOL

AS
AN ALTERNATIVE FUEL
Presented By :
Shivani Raina
 CONTENTS

Why considering Bio Fuels

History of Bio Fuels
What is Bio Ethanol
Bio Ethanol Production
Benefits of Bio Ethanol
Demerits of Bio Ethanol
Future of Bio Ethanol
Conclusion
 Why considering Biofuels?
REASON #1
 Why considering Biofuels?
REASON #2
 Why considering Biofuels?
REASON #3
 Why considering Biofuels?
REASON #4
RISK: Oil vs. Hydrogen vs. Ethanol
Oil Hydrogen Biofuels

Energy Security Risk High Low Low

Cost per Mile Med Med-High Low

Infrastructure Cost Very Low Very High Low

Technology Risk Very Low Very High Med

Environmental Cost Very High Med-Low Low

Implementation Risk Very Low Very High Low

Interest Group Opposition Very High High Low

Political Difficulty ? High Low

Time to Impact - Very high Low

 Why Bioethanol as an alternative fuel?
REASON #5
 History of Bioethanol
When Henry Ford first designed his Model T, he
intended it to run on ethanol derived from corn.
It was only later that the economics of producing
petrol from oil made it a more attractive proposition.

Nowadays with the price of crude oil hovering

around $50 a barrel, increasing concern for the
environment, and the very real possibility that
exploitable oil reserves will come to an end,
Bioethanol is back on the menu. In fact, you may
already be filling your car with a Petrol/Bioethanol
mix without even knowing it.
 What is Bioethanol

The principle fuel used as a petrol substitute

for road transport vehicles is Bioethanol.

Bioethanol fuel is mainly produced by the sugar

fermentation process, although it can also be
manufactured by the chemical process of reacting
Ethylene with steam.
 BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION
Ethanol can be produced from biomass by the
hydrolysis and sugar fermentation processes.

In order to produce sugars from the biomass,

the biomass is pre-treated with acids or enzymes
in order to reduce the size of the feedstock and to
open up the plant structure

There are three principle methods of extracting

sugars from biomass. These are concentrated acid
hydrolysis, dilute acid hydrolysis and enzymatic
hydrolysis.
 BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION
Sugar Fermentation Process
The hydrolysis process breaks down the cellulostic part of the
Biomass or corn into sugar solutions that can then be fermented
into ethanol. Yeast is added to the solution, which is then heated.
The yeast contains an enzyme called invertase, which acts as
a catalyst and helps to convert the sucrose sugars into glucose and
fructose (both C6H12 O6).
The chemical reaction is shown below:

C12H22O11 + H2O C6H12O6 + C6H12O6

The fructose and glucose sugars then react with another enzyme
called zymase, which is also contained in the yeast to produce
ethanol and carbon dioxide.
The chemical reaction is shown below:

C6H12O6 2C2H5OH + 2CO2

 BENEFITS OF USING BIOETHANOL
1. When we look at the whole life cycle of production it produces up to
70% less carbon emissions than conventional fuel. Therefore, using
Bioethanol in all our cars could reduce carbon emissions

2. The benefit over fossil fuels is the very less greenhouse gas emissions

3. By encouraging Bioethanol`s use, the rural economy would also

receive a boost from growing the necessary crops.

4. Bioethanol is also biodegradable and far less toxic that fossil fuels.

5. Another advantage of Bioethanol is the ease with which it can be easily

integrated into the existing road transport fuel system.
6. Using Bioethanol will help extend the life of the India's diminishing oil
supplies and ensure greater fuel security, avoiding heavy reliance on
oil producing nations.
 DEMERITS OF USING BIOETHANOL
Major Challenge –Food V/s Fuel
Not so Efficient
For similar required energies, pure ethanol requires
to be burnt for longer periods of time than regular
petrol and therefore more fuelling facilities will need to
be required if ethanol were to be used.
Large areas of land is required in order to produce
significant volumes of bio ethanol.
Lengthy growing period and High water requirement.
 FUTURE OF BIOETHANOL

1. Currently only processed from sugars

2. Aim is to convert all biomass to ethanol

3. Will help to cope up with the demand of fuel

in future
 CONCLUSION

1. Fossil fuel won’t last! Biofuels are here to stay

– get used to it!

2. INDIA has potential to play in the Biofuels arena.

THANK YOU