SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS 5th Edition Whitten Bentley Dittman

C H A P T E R

14 INPUT
DESIGN AND
PROTOTYPING

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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS 5th Edition Whitten Bentley Dittman

Chapter Fourteen Input Design & Prototyping

• Define the appropriate format and media for a computer

input.
• Explain the difference between data capture, data entry,
and data input.
• Identify and describe several automatic data collection
technologies.
• Apply human factors to the design of computer inputs.
• Design internal controls for computer inputs.
• Select proper screen-based controls for input attributes
that are to appear on a GUI input screen.
• Design a web-based input interface.

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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS 5th Edition Whitten Bentley Dittman

Chapter Map

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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS 5th Edition Whitten Bentley Dittman

Taxonomy for Computer Inputs

Process Data Capture
Method
Data usually captured on a
Keyboard business form that
becomes the source
document for input.
Data can be collected real-
time (over the phone).
Data Entry Data Processing
Data entered via OLD: Data can be
keyboard. This is the most collected into batch files
common input method, (disk) for processing as a
but also the most prone to batch.
errors.
NEW: Data processed as
soon as it has been keyed.

Mouse Same as above. Used in conjunction with Same as above, but the
keyboard to simplify data use of a mouse is most
entry. commonly associated with
on-line and real-time
Mouse serves as a processing.
pointing device for a
screen. Can be with
graphical user interfaces
to reduce errors through
point-and-click choices.

Touch Screen Same as above. Data entered on a touch On PCs, touch screen
screen display or handheld choices are processed
device. same as above.

Data entry users either On handheld computers,

touch commands and data data is stored on the
choices, or enter data handheld for later
using handwriting processing as a remote
recognition. batch.
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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS 5th Edition
Taxonomy for Computer Inputs (continued)
Process Data Capture
Method
Point of Sale Data is captured as close
to the point of sale (or
transaction) as humanly
possible. No source
documents.
Sound Data is captured as close
to the source as possible,
even when the customer is
remotely located (e.g., at
home or their place of
employment).
Speech Same as sound.
Optical Mark Data is recorded on
optical scan sheets as
marks or precisely formed
letters, numbers, and
punctuation.
This is the oldest form of
automatic data capture.
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Whitten Bentley Dittman
Data Entry Data Processing
Data is often entered Data is almost always
directly by the customer processed immediately as
(e.g., ATM) or by an a transaction or inquiry.
employee directly
interacting with the
customer (e.g., retail cash
register).
Input requires specialized,
dedicated terminals
that utilize some
combination of the other
techniques in this table.
Data is entered using Data is almost always
touch-tones (typically processed immediately as
from a telephone). a transaction or inquiry.
Usually requires fairly
rigid command menu
structure and limited input
options.
Data (and commands) are Data is almost always
spoken. This technology processed immediately as
is not as mature and much a transaction or inquiry.
less reliable and common
than other techniques.
Eliminates the need for Data is almost always
data entry, processed as a batch.
(Very commonly used in
education for test scoring,
course evaluations, and
surveys.)
SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS 5th Edition
Taxonomy for Computer Inputs (concluded)
Process Data Capture
Method
Magnetic Ink Data is usually pre-
recorded on forms that are
subsequently completed
by the customer.
The customer records
additional data on the
form.
Electromagnetic Data is recorded directly
on the object to be
described by data.
Smartcard Data is recorded directly
on a device to be carried
by the customer,
employee, or other
individual that is
described by that data.
Biometric Unique human character-
istics become data.
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Data Entry Data Processing
A magnetic ink reader Data is almost always
reads the magnetized processed as a batch.
data.
The customer-added
- data
must be entered using
another input method.
This technique is used in
applications requiring
high accuracy and
security, the most
common of which is bank
checks (for check
number, account number,
bank id).
Data is transmitted by Data is almost always
radio frequency. processed immediately.
Data is read by smartcard Data is almost always
readers. processed immediately.
Data is read by biometric Data is processed
sensors. immediately.
Primary applications are
security and medical
monitoring.
SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS 5th Edition Whitten Bentley Dittman

Data Capture, Entry, and Processing

Data capture is the identification and acquisition of new

data (at its source).
– Source documents are forms used to record business
transactions in terms of data that describe those transactions.
Data entry is the process of translating the source data or
document (above) into a computer readable format.
Data processing is all processing that occurs on the data
after it is input from a machine readable form.
– In batch processing, the entered data is collected into files
called batches and processed as a complete batch.
– In on-line processing, the captured data is processed
immediately
– In remote batch processing, data is entered and edited on-
line, but collected into batches for subsequent processing.

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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS 5th Edition Whitten Bentley Dittman

Input Implementation Methods

• Keyboard
• Mouse
• Point-of-sale terminals
• Sound and speech
• Automatic data capture
– Optical mark recognition (OMR)
• Bar codes
– Optical character recognition (OCR)
– Magnetic Ink
– Electromagnetic transmission
– Smart cards
– Biometric

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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS 5th Edition Whitten Bentley Dittman

Automatic Identification: Bar Codes

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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS 5th Edition Whitten Bentley Dittman

Input Design Guidelines

• Capture only variable data.

• Do not capture data that can calculated or stored in
computer programs as constants.
• Use business codes for appropriate attributes.

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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS 5th Edition Whitten Bentley Dittman

Source Document / Form Design Guidelines

• Include instructions for completing the form.

• Minimize the amount of handwriting.
• Data to be entered (keyed) should be sequenced so that
it can be read like a book, that is, top-to-bottom and
left-to-right.
• When possible, based input design on known
metaphors.

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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS 5th Edition Whitten Bentley Dittman

Bad Flow in a Form

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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS 5th Edition Whitten Bentley Dittman

Good Flow in a Form

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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS 5th Edition Whitten Bentley Dittman

Metaphoric Screen Design

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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS 5th Edition Whitten Bentley Dittman

Internal Controls for Inputs

• Each input, and the total number of inputs should be

monitored (to minimize the risk of lost transactions).
– For batch processing
• Use batch control slips
• Use one-for-one checks against post-processing detail reports
– For on-line systems
• Log each transaction as it occurs
• Assign each transaction a confirmation number (common in
web-based systems)
• Validate all data
– Existence checks
– Data type checks
– Domain checks
– Combination checks
– Self-checking digits
– Format checks
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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS 5th Edition Whitten Bentley Dittman

Repository-Based Prototyping and Development

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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS 5th Edition Whitten Bentley Dittman

Repository-Based Prototyping and Development

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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS 5th Edition Whitten Bentley Dittman

GUI Components (or Controls)

• Common GUI controls (for both Windows and Web interfaces)
– Text boxes
– Radio buttons
– Check boxes
– List boxes
– Drop down lists
– Combination boxes
– Spin boxes
– Buttons
– Hyperlinks (yes, also for Windows applications—see Quicken
2000)

• Advanced controls (mostly for Windows interfaces)

– Drop down calendars
– Slider edit controls
– Masked edit controls
– Ellipsis controls
– Alternate numerical spinners
– Check list boxes
– Check tree boxes

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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS 5th Edition Whitten Bentley Dittman

Common GUI Components

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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS 5th Edition Whitten Bentley Dittman

Advanced GUI Components

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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS 5th Edition Whitten Bentley Dittman

Advanced GUI Components (continued)

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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS 5th Edition Whitten Bentley Dittman

Input Design Process

1. Identify system inputs and review logical

requirements.
2. Select appropriate input components/controls.
3. As necessary, design any source documents.
4. Design, validate and test inputs using some
combination of:
1. Layout tools (e.g., hand sketches, spacing charts, or
CASE tools.
2. Prototyping tools (e.g., spreadsheet, PC DBMS, 4GL)

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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS 5th Edition Whitten Bentley Dittman

A Logical Data Structure for Input Requirements

ORDER = ORDER NUMBER
+ ORDER DATE
+ CUSTOMER NUMBER
+ CUSTOMER NAME
+ CUSTOMER SHIPPING ADDRESS = ADDRESS >
+ ( CUSTOMER BILLING ADDRESS = ADDRESS > )
+ 1 { PRODUCT NUMBER +
QUANTITY ORDERED } n
+ ( DEFAULT CREDIT CARD NUMBER )

ADDRESS = ( POST OFFICE BOX NUMBER )

+ STREET ADDRESS
+ CITY
+ STATE
+ POSTAL ZONE
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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS 5th Edition Whitten Bentley Dittman

Input Prototype for Data Maintenance

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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS 5th Edition Whitten Bentley Dittman

Input Prototype for Transaction

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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS 5th Edition Whitten Bentley Dittman

Input Prototype for Data Maintenance

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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS 5th Edition Whitten Bentley Dittman

Input Prototype for Web Interface

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SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS 5th Edition Whitten Bentley Dittman

Input Prototype for Web Interface

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