Scanner Course #2

Minnesota Wing Aircrew Training:

Tasks P-2016, P-2017, P-2018
Aircraft Familiarization
Aircraft Controls
Aircraft Instruments
Weight and Balance
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Aircraft Structure and
Controls
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Aircraft Familiarization
Why do I need to know this stuff anyway?
Terminology
Structure
Control surfaces
Instrumentation
Limitations
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The Airplane
CAP typically uses C172 and
C182.
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Aircraft Terminology
Right
Aileron
Right
Flap
Right
Wing
Nose
Gear
Propeller
Main
Gear
Left Wing
Landing
Light
Left
Aileron
Left Flap
Elevator
Trim Tabs
Rudder
Vertical
Stabilizer
Empennage
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Ailerons provide roll control
Right Aileron UP
Left Aileron DOWN
Right wing goes down
Left wing goes up
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Elevators provide pitch control
Center of Gravity
Center of Gravity
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The rudder controls yaw
RUDDER
PEDAL
RIGHT
RUDDER
PEDAL
LEFT
CENTER of
GRAVITY
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Trim tabs neutralize control
pressures
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Aircraft Instruments
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Instrument Panel
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Flight Instruments
Magnetic Compass
Primarily a backup
Doesnt require any
power
Installation problems
Bank angles and
speed changes can
cause a compass to
show the wrong
heading
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Flight Instruments
Heading Indicator
(Directional Gyro)
Gyro-driven
heading indicator
Quick response to
turns
Stable indications
Electrical or
vacuum-driven
Will drift, requires
periodic re-
alignment
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Flight Instruments
Altimeter
Usually set to
show pressure
altitude above
Mean Sea Level
(MSL)
Accurate altitude
is dependent on
the altimeter
setting.

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Flight Instruments
Turn Coordinator
Really two
instruments
Miniature aircraft
shows turn rate only -
does not show bank
angle
Inclinometer shows
quality of turn -
Coordinated, slip,
skid
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Flight Instruments
Attitude Indicator
Provides a horizon
reference
Hash marks
indicate bank angle
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Airspeed
Knots or MPH
Colored markings
Shows aircraft
performance
Flight Instruments
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Flight Instruments
Vertical Speed
Climb or descent
rate
Has a lag due to
design
Use with altimeter
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Engine Instruments
Tachometer
Markings green
arc
Indicates power
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Other Engine Instruments
Gauges
Fuel (accurate at
empty)
Oil Temperature
and Pressure
Vacuum and
Generator
Exhaust Gas
Temperature
Instruments vary
from aircraft to
aircraft
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Comm, VOR and DME radios
Navigation/Communication Radio
Primary and Standby Frequencies
Communications Navigation
Comm 1
Comm 2
Nav 1
Nav 2
DME
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Comm Antennas
Normally mounted on top
One for each radio
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Nav Antennas
Cat whisker style
One for each nav
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Navigation Instruments
VOR ADF
VHF Omnidirectional Range (VOR-DME,
VORTAC)
Indicates direction to/from ground transmitter relative
to magnetic North
Automatic Direction Finder (NDB)
Direction toward ground transmitter relative to
airplane nose
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Other Antennas
Loop
(directional)
ADF
Marker
Beacon
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UHF Antenna
Blade type (may be spike)
Transponder & DME
[If mounted up front, may
interfere with DF]
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Global Positioning System
Satellite based navigation
Apollo GX55
Can provide search pattern course guidance and lat
and long of target
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GPS Antenna
Line of sight, so mounted at the very top
Comm antennas can interfere with the weak
signals, so they are tested for interference
GPS
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Direction Finding Receiver
Used for electronic ELT searches
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CAP FM Transceiver

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Audio Panel
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Transponder
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Static wicks
Mitigate buildup of static electricity
(interferes with comm)
Wings, elevators, vertical stabilizer
Take care when walking around
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Weight and Balance
and Operations
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Weight and Balance
The wings generate a limited amount of lift
Maximum weight for an aircraft is set by the manufacturer
Pitch stability is affected by the location of the center of gravity
The pilot computes weight and balance and controls it by
loading the aircraft correctly
-If incorrectly loaded:
the pilot may not be able to raise the nose during take off or
the aircraft may be unstable and difficult or impossible to
control in the air
Lift
Weight
Force from horizontal
tail surface
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Weight and Balance
Excessive weight adversely impacts
performance:
Longer take off and landing distance
Reduced climb performance
Reduced ability to withstand turbulence and wind
shear forces
Out of Forward C.G. limits can cause:
Reduced up-elevator authority (ability to raise the
nose)
Can eliminate the ability to flare for landing
Out of Rear C.G. limits can cause:
Reduced down-elevator authority (ability to lower the
nose)
Can make stall recovery difficult or impossible
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Mission Aircraft Operations
A CAPF84 or CAPF104 must be
completed
Altimeter settings will be from a
source within 50 NM or the closest
source available and updated hourly.
Airspeed will be no lower than 1.3
times aircraft stall at zero flaps and 30
degrees of bank.

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Mission Aircraft Operations
Search altitudes are limited to no
lower than 500 feet above the surface
(except for counter drug vessel
identification).
Search aircraft on missions over
water must plan to be over a suitable
airfield with at least 90 minutes of fuel
on board at normal cruise speed.