PHYSICS

(TP 115)
Pro
FOR FOOD TECH?
Is he applying physics?
What about them?
Or them?

Or you?
Give me any
food related examples!



Questions?
Math-MATe
For most gulls it was not flying that matters, but eating. For
this gull, though, it was not eating that mattered, but flight.
You have the freedom
to be yourself, your true
self, here and now, and
nothing can stand in
your way
We can lift ourselves out of ignorance, we can find ourselves
as creatures of excellence and intelligence and skill.
Those are the joy of physics!
Do & Dont
Do & Dont

Goals of the course
Understand the basic concepts of physics
particularly in the areas of kinematics,
kinetics, electro-magnet, & optics

Be able to relate them with the cases of
food technology
Lecturers
PRObo Y. Nugrahedi
HANiel Yudiar
NOVita Ika Putri
Tuesday Topics Lecturer
1. 27/08 Introduction + Measurements Pro
2. 03/09 Motion in one dimension Nov
3. 10/09 Force & Newton's 1st law Nov
4. 17/09 Newton's 2nd & 3rd law Nov
5. 24/09 Momentum & Impulse Nov
6. 01/10 Work & Energy Nov
7. 08/10 Electrics & Magnet Nov
8. . Energy conversion Nov
UTS (14 25 October)
9. 29/10 Waves Han
05/11 Tahun baru Hijriyah
10. 12/11 Visible spectrum & color Han
11. 19/11 Color measurement & scales Han
12. 26/11 Reflection, refraction & polarization Han
13. 03/12 Lenses & optical instruments Han
14. could be
UAS (09 20 December)
References, e.g.:
Halliday, D.; R. Resnick and K.S. Krane.
2004. Physics 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons,
Inc. New York
Tipler, P. (1999). College Physics.
Freeman & Co.
Other Physics books & related materials
Marks
Assignment 20 %
UTS 45 %
UAS 35 %

80 <= A
75 <= AB < 80
70 <= B < 75
65 <= BC < 70
55 <= C < 65
50 <= CD < 55
40 <= D < 50
E < 40
Assignment
Make a group consisting 6 students, sequential
based on the presence list (1 6, 7 12, and so
on)
Each group will make a e-poster on food-related
physics
Each file must be submitted to the class
coordinator (who?) & be burnt in two CDs
Bu NOV and Pak HAN will give a keyword to
each group and you will generate a phenomena
related to food and further explain and describe
in a poster
Further details will be explained by Bu NOV at
the next meeting
I. MEASUREMENT
???

Goals
be able to:
name the SI units
solve numerical problems involving units conversions
understand significant digits a measurement contains
recognize that no measurement is exact
understand both the precision/uncertainty/error and
accuracy of measurement

The course materials are mainly taken from: www.batesville.k12.in.us and other references
keep in mind
Physics is a quantitative science.
Physicists deal in number(s) & unit(s)
Physicist's numbers
are often (or could
be) measurements,
not the pure numbers
of the mathematician.
SI unit & conversion
The mass of a solid cube is 856 g & each edge
has a length of 5.35 cm. Determine the density
of the cube in basic SI units.

SI unit of ? : kg/m
3
m = 856 g x 10
-3
kg/g = 0.856 kg
V = L
3
= (5.35 cm x 10
-2
m/cm)
3

= (5.35)
3
x 10
-6
m
3
= 1.53 x 10
-4
m
3

= m / V
= 0.856 kg / 1.53 x 10
-4
m
3

= 5.59 x 10
3
kg/m
3
types of numbers
Pure Numbers
the fraction "1/2" and the exponent "2" are pure,
exact numbers.

Measurements
the mass "m" of an object has to be measured.
no measurement is exact have an associated
uncertainty.

2
. .
2
1
v m K
Calculated Values
"K" and "v"
v of an object (v = another measurement).
uncertainties associated with the d & t
measurements an uncertainty in the v of the
object
How much uncertainty?
How does the uncertainty in the measurement of
the object's m & v affect its K?
"propagation of errors"
2
. .
2
1
v m K
so
How much do we trust this measurement?
How much confidence do we have in it?
If we would do this measurement again,
would we get the same number again - or
something close?
If so, how close?
precision
: the amount of confidence in a
measurement.
A "high precision" measurement ?
high confidence that the measurement
lies within a narrow range of values, or,
very confident that an additional
measurement would produce a value very
close to the previous measurements.
problems
Scale Error (Scale Uncertainty)
the precision is limited by the markings on the
measuring instrument.
Scale errors are not mistakes.
of the instrument.
To get more precision?
a more precise instrument.
No measurement can be "exact".
require a measuring instrument with marks
infinitely close together
Approximation Errors
(Approximation Uncertainties)

e.g. A pendulum bob.

how precisely can the center
of the pendulum bob be located?
Is pendulum bob precisely
symmetrical?
how accurately can the center
of mass be located?
the length of the pendulum will also be affected by the
"stretchiness" of the string.
the string may be longer when the pendulum is moving
than when it is at rest.
The pendulum is longer when vertical
(due to the stretch of the string)
Random Errors (Random Uncertainties)
The relevant conditions of an experiment will
vary from run to run
Gaussian,
or normal distribution
small random deviations
from the mean are much
more likely than large ones.
most of the measurements cluster close to the
mean value, with fewer measurements at large
distances from the mean.

how to estimate the precision of a
measurement?
repeat a measurement a number of times, and
use these data to determine a best
estimate and a probable range of values.

Indicating Precision of Measurements
1. by the number of digits
the number of significant digits
the last digit in a measurement is an estimate.
25.45 cm indicate surely that the
measurement was between 25.4 cm & 25.5 cm
2. estimate the range of values that we believe
the "true length" lies within.

So
"measurements are not numbers".
A physical measurement consists of the best
estimate of the "true value" and the range in
which the "true value" probably lies.
Significant Digits

1. All non-zero digits are significant digits.
4 one significant digit
1.3 two significant digits
4,325.334 seven significant digits
2. Zeros that occur between significant digits
are significant digits.
109 three significant digits
3.005 four significant digits
3. Zeros to the right of the decimal point and to
the right of a non-zero digit are significant.
0.10 has two significant digits (the leading zero
is not significant, but the trailing zero is significant)
0.0010 has two significant digits (the last two)
3.20 has three significant digits
320 has two significant digits (This zero is to the left of
the decimal point - not significant.)
400.00 has five significant digits (The two zeros to the
right of the decimal point are significant because they
are to the right of the "4".
The two zeros to the left of the decimal point are
significant because they lie between significant digits
- the "4" and the zeros to the right of the decimal
point.)
Effect
all digits of the mantissa (number part) are
always significant in a number written in
scientific notation.
2.00 x 10
7
has three significant digits
1.500 x 10
-2
has four significant digits

precision vs. accuracy
comparing a measured value (or calculate from
measurements) with an "accepted value", or
comparing 2 values from an experiment.
The degree to which 2 values agree
accuracy
Questions?