AIR POLLUTION

ENVT 7
POLLUTION :

INESCAPABLE CONSEQUENCE OF THE

PRESENCE OF MAN & HIS ACTIVITIES.
 SOURCES
1) AUTOMOBILES – photochemical
pollutants

2) INDUSTRIES

3) DOMESTIC SOURCES

4) SMOKING – active & passive.

5) MISCELLANEOUS
 METEOROLOGICAL FACTORS
1. Topography

2. Air movement

3. Climate

4. Temp gradient.
 AIR POLLUTANTS
• Carbonmonoxide
• Sulphur dioxide, Sulphur trioxide
• Lead
• Carbon dioxide
• Hydrocarbons
• Metallic compounds like cadmium
• Hydrogen sulphide
• Metals like Hg, flourides, benzene
• Smog
 Sources of Indoor Pollutants
Pollutant Source
• Respiratory tobacco smoke, stove
• Carbon monoxide combustion equipment
• Nitrogen dioxide gas cookers, cigs
• Sulphur dioxide coal combustion
• Carbon dioxide respiration, combustion
• Formaldehyde carpet adhesive
• Organic vapours solvents, adhesives
• Asbestos insulation, fireproofing
• Mineral fibres appliances
 MONITORING
INDICATORS OF AIR POLLUTION
a) sulphur dioxide
b) soiling index
c) grit & dust measurement
d) air pollution index
e) Co efficient of Haze.
In India, air pollution is monitored by
CPCB.
 EFFECTS
• HEALTH ASPECTS
A) IMMEDIATE
Acute bronchitis, may even lead to
immediate death by suffocation
B) DELAYED
Chronic bronchitis, lung cancer,
bronchial asthma, emphysema
 Prevention & Control
1) CONTAINMENT
2) REPLACEMENT
3) DILUTION
4) LEGISLATION
5) INTERNATIONAL ACTION.
 COMPOSITION
• normally = nitrogen – 78.1%,
oxygen – 20.93%
carbondioxide – 0.03%.

the balance is made up by trace gases like

argon, neon, krypton, xenon & helium.
AIR IS RENDERED IMPURE BY…
1) respiration of men & animals.

2) combustion of coal, gas, oil etc.

3) decomposition of organic matter.

4) traffic & manufacturing processes.

 AIR IN OCCUPIED ROOM
• PHYSICAL CHANGES.
a) rise in temp.
b) increase in humidity.
c) decrease in air movement.
d) body odours.
e) bacterial pollution.
 INDICES OF THERMAL
COMFORT
1) AIR TEMPARATURE.

2) AIR TEMP & HUMIDITY.

3) COOLING POWER.

4) EFFECTIVE TEMP.

5) CORRECTED EFFECTIVE TEMP.

• EFFECTIVE TEMP :- is a arbitrary index
which combines into single value the
effect of temp, humidity & movement of
internal air on the sensation of warmth or
cold felt by human body.
• measured using dry bulb thermometer.
• CORRECTED EFFECTIVE TEMP :-
Is an improvement over the effective temp
index.

Instead of dry bulb thermometer, globe

thermometer is used, it is more sensitive
to temp changes.
• COMFORT ZONES :-
range of effective temps over which
majority of adults feel comfortable.

depends on physical, physiological &

psychological factors.
 LEVEL C.E.T in deg/F
1) Pleasant & cool 69
2) Comfortable & cool 69 – 76
3) Comfortable 77 – 80
4) Hot & comfortable 81 – 82
5) Extremely hot 83+
6) Intolerably hot 86+