Communication Process Loop

MESSAGE
Receiver
FEEDBACK
Sender
Components of the Communication
Process
A. Sender
B. Message
C. Receiver
D. Feedback


A. Sender person who is sending the
message.
Two factors that determine how effective
the communicator will be:
1. communicators attitude
2. communicators selection of
meaningful symbols.

Sender / Communicator (source)
Message
B. Message information given out in
verbal or non-verbal form
- written information, speech
- non verbal gestures, eye contact, body
language

Receiver
Receiver the person receiving the message,
making sense of it, understanding and
translating it into meaning.

eceiv
Feedback
Feedback verbal & non-verbal reaction to
message / speaker
- external (can be seen) or
- internal (cant be seen: self-
examination) feedback


Communication is a two-way process.
Communicating uses not only one skill,
but several skills. ie: speaking involves not
only getting message across but also being
able to listen and understand what others
are saying (active listening) and observing
the verbal and non verbal clues in order to
monitor the effectiveness of a message.


Barriers in communication
Barriers keep message from getting through.

Two types of barriers: internal and external.
Internal: fatigue, poor listening skills,
attitude
External: noise, distractions, environment,
bad connections, time of day.

Factors Affecting Listening and Speaking Skills

TASK: (Pair work)
Think of a real-life situation in which you were involved in
one in which communication was successful and the other
when communication was unsuccessful.
Identify the factors that contributed to the success/ failure
of the communication that took place
When we teach English we need to be sure that our
students can be understood when they speak. They need to
be able to say what they want to say. There are numerous
factors that affect listening and speaking skills.


Pronuniciation the sounds in the language
Suprasegmental features of the language intonation, stress and
rhythm
Knowledge of subject matter or topic of conversation
Language ability of the speakers grammatical competence
Vocabulary
Intercultural awareness
Role relationship and appropriacy sociolingusitic competence
Awareness of the conventions of speaking turn taking,
interrupting etc.
Awareness of the varieties of language
Discourse competence awareness of the different ways
language is used in different situations
Knowing the difference between formal and informal language use

Q. Can you think of other factors that affect listening and speaking
skills?


Task
Discuss the factors Affecting
Listening & Speaking
(Source for materials and discuss in
tutorial class.)