HISTOLOGY of DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Glands
Ageng Brahmadhi
Overview

major salivar glands

!aro"id#

s$%mandi%$lar#

and s$%ling$al glands

"he !an&reas#

liver

gall%ladder

'e&all gas"roin"es"inal
glands()

S S*in

V Vermillion

O Oral m$&osa

M M$s&le

G A&&) Salivar
glands
von Ebner's glands

esophageal glands

aid l$%ri&a"ion

!roen+me
pepsinogen

"he an"i%a&"erial agen"

lysozyme.

Gas"ri& glands

S$rfa&e,lining &ells

M$&o$s -e&* .ells

'egenera"ive /S"em0
.ells

1arie"al /O2n"i&0 .ells

.hief /3mogeni&0 .ells

D-ES .ells /A14D or
En"eroendo&rine .ells0
Brunner's glands
Overview

major salivar glands

!aro"id#

s$%mandi%$lar#

and s$%ling$al glands

"he !an&reas#

liver

gall%ladder
Overview

Salivar glands
Tas"ing food# ini"ia"e diges"ion# degl$"i"ion# lso+me# la&"oferrin# "he
se&re"or imm$noglo%$lin IgA)

1an&reas
!rod$&es en+mes for "he diges"ion of fa"s# !ro"eins# and &ar%ohdra"es
sn"hesi+es and releases hormones#
ins$lin# gl$&agon# soma"os"a"in# gas"rin# and !an&rea"i& !ol!e!"ide

Liver
me"a%olism of !ro"eins# li!ids# and &ar%ohdra"es
%lood !ro"eins and &oag$la"ion fa&"ors5 man$fa&"$re of vi"amins5 and
de"o2ifi&a"ion of %lood,%orne "o2ins
The major salivar glands
Parotid, sublingual, and
submandibular

Bran&hed tubuloalveolar
glands
.onne&"ive "iss$e &a!s$le
se!"a lo%es and lo%$les
Ea&h of "he major salivar
glands has a secretory and
a duct portion
Salivar Glands
Secretory Portions
&om!osed of "hree "!es of &ells
Serous cells
Mucous cells
Myoepithelial cells
Duct Portions
in"er&ala"ed d$&"s s"ria"ed
d$&"s in"ralo%$lar d$&"s
in"erlo%$lar d$&"s in"ralo%ar
and in"erlo%ar d$&"s
1rin&i!al d$&"
1aro"id Gland

The largest of the salivary glands

Produces about 30% of the total salivary

output

Ptyalin and se&re"or IgA

.om!osed mainl of sero$s &ells

Serous + mucous component

1aro"id Gland
S$%ling$al Gland

"he smalles" of "he "hree major salivar

glands

!rod$&es onl a%o$" 67 of "he "o"al

salivar o$"!$")

&om!osed of m$&o$s "$%$lar se&re"or

$ni"s

&a!!ed % a sero$s &ells sero$s

demil$nes se&re"e lso+me
S$%ling$al Gland
S$%mandi%$lar Gland

Produces 60% of the total salivary output

Manufactures a mied saliva, the ma!or

portion is serous

The &onne&"ive "iss$e &a!s$le of "he

s$%mandi%$lar gland is e2"ensive
a%$ndan" se!"a
S$%mandi%$lar Gland
1an&reas

'e"ro!eri"oneal gland

86 &m long# 6 &m

wide# and 9 "o 8 &m
"hi&*# and i" weighs
a!!ro2ima"el 96: g

"lands

#ocrine

#ndocrine
E2o&rine 1an&reas

T$%$loa&inar gland

Se&re"or !or"ion

a&inar &ells
"r$n&a"ed !ramid# %asall
lo&a"ed ro$nd n$&le$s

D$&" !or"ion

in"er&ala"ed d$&"s

&en"roa&inar &ells
low &$%oidal
Se&re"or !or"ion

acinar cell
!ramid# %asall lo&a"ed
ro$nd n$&le$s
The a!e2 of "he &ell
zymogen granules
The %asal &ell mem%ranes
re&e!"ors for "he hormone
cholecystokinin and for "he
ne$ro"ransmi""er
acetylcholine
D$&" !or"ion

D$&" !or"ion

in"er&ala"ed d$&"s
intralobular ducts
interlobular ducts main
pancreatic duct bile
duct papilla of Vater

&en"roa&inar &ells
Bo"h has re&e!"or for
se&re"in ; acetylcholine
1an&reas Low,mag

A&inar &ells

!an&rea"i& amlase# !an&rea"i& li!ase# ri%on$&lease#

deo2ri%on$&lease /D-ase0# and "he !roen+mes
"r!sinogen# &hmo"r!sinogen# !ro&ar%o2!e!"idase# and
elas"ase# trypsin inhibitor
effe&"ed %
cholecystokinin
acetylcholine

The &en"roa&inar &ells and in"er&ala"ed d$&"s

man$fa&"$re a sero$s# %i&ar%ona"e,ri&h al*aline fl$id

effe&"ed % se&re"in
Endo&rine 1an&reas
spherical aggregates of cells,
$no%n as islets of &angerhans
ells omposing the !slets of
"angerhans
%e"a /<0 &ells#
al!ha /=0 &ells#
del"a />0 &ells /D and D9 &ells0#
11 /!an&rea"i& !ol!e!"ide,
!rod$&ing0 &ells# and
G /gas"rin,!rod$&ing0 &ells
#he cells of the islets of "angerhans produce insulin$ glucagon$
somatostatin$ gastrin$ and pancreatic polypeptide
a0 Be"a &ells /la%eled
for ins$lin0
%0 Al!ha &ells /la%eled
for gl$&agon0
&0 Del"a &ells /la%eled
for soma"os"a"in0
d0 11 &ells /la%eled for
!an&rea"i&
!ol!e!"ide0
Liver

?eighing a!!ro2ima"el 96:: g#

Is "he larges" gland in "he %od)

I" is lo&a"ed in "he $!!er righ",hand

@$adran" of "he a%dominal &avi"# j$s"
inferior "o "he dia!hragm

Has %o"h endo&rine and e2o&rine f$n&"ions

A &onver" no2io$s s$%s"an&es in"o non"o2i&
ma"erials

Liver B$n&"ions C
forma"ion and se&re"ion of bile)
s"orage of glycogen# %$ffer for %lood gl$&ose)
sn"hesis of urea)
me"a%olism of cholesterol and fa")
sn"hesis and endo&rine se&re"ion of man plasma proteins# in&l$ding
&lo""ing fa&"ors)
deto%ification of man dr$gs and o"her !oisons)
&leansing of %a&"eria from %lood)
!ro&essing of several steroid hormones and vitamin D)
volume reservoir for %lood)
&a"a%olism of hemoglobin from worn,o$" red %lood &ells)
Liver Organi+a"ion
Liver Organi+a"ion
Liver Organi+a"ion
Liver Organi+a"ion
Liver Organi+a"ion
1or"al Triad
The Three .on&e!"s of Liver Lo%$les

classical lobules,

portal lobules,

and the hepatic

acinus 'acinus of
(appaport)*
.lassi&al lo%$les

%lood flows from "he

!eri!her "o "he
center of the lobule
in"o "he &en"ral vein

Bile bile canaliculi$

periphery of the
lobule "o "he
in"erlo%$lar %ile d$&"s
of "he !or"al areas
1or"al lo%$les

all he!a"o&"es
deliver "heir %ile "o a
!ar"i&$lar in"erlo%$lar
%ile d$&" &ons"i"$"e a
lo%$le
He!a"i& a&in$s
%ased on %lood flow from "he
dis"ri%$"ing ar"eriole
on "he order in whi&h he!a"o&"es
degenera"e s$%se@$en" "o "o2i& or
h!o2i& ins$l"s
+one D# is "he mos" o2gen,!oor)
The remaining region is divided
in"o "wo e@$al +ones /9 and 805
+one 9 is "he ri&hes" in o2gen
Gall%ladder

small#

!ear,sha!ed organ

si"$a"ed on "he inferior

as!e&" of "he liver)

I" is a%o$" 9: &m in

leng"h and E &m in
&ross,se&"ion

&an s"ore a%o$" F: mL

of %ile

four layers+
epithelium, lamina
propria, smooth
muscle, and
serosa,adventitia

simple columnar
epithelium
Questions ??
Parotid &lands
'
(
)
Submandibular gland
'
(
)
Sublingual gland
Parotid &lands
Submandibular glands
Sublingual glands

End Of Le&"$re