Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Challenges of A
Water Crisis
97%
saline
water
How should we perceive water?
Sewerage Water
and sludge treatment
treatment plants
6 plants Water 3
supply Service
reticulation reservoirs
and sewer
network
5 4
Key Components of the Water Industry
8 1 Begin here
Value
Evapo- Chain
Rain falling
transpiration on water
from oceans catchment
Treated and plants areas
7 2
effluents
discharged Dams and
into rivers impoundments
and seas
Sewerage Water
and sludge treatment
treatment plants
6 plants Water 3
supply Service
reticulation reservoirs
and sewer
network
5 4
Types of Water Supply Institutions
PUBLIC WATER CO. JOINT VENTURE DIVESTITURE
PRIVATE
MANAGEMENT CONTRACTS
Puncak Niaga, ABASS, SPLASH, Taliworks,
Air Utara, Encorp Utilities, Southern Water
STATE WATER
ENTITIES
SERVICE
PUBLIC
SPAN PAAB
Issues
licenses
Regulates, Monitors Builds and owns
water services
Concession Licensed infrastructures
Holders Operators
Water Assets
Impacts on the Water Service Industry
1. Federal Government takes over control and
regulation of water supply and sewerage services
from States.
2. Water supply and sewerage services will be jointly
regulated.
3. Certifying agencies will be set up to approve
plans, certify contractors and monitor compliance
with subsidiary legislation.
4. All water industry players must be licensed to treat
water, distribute it and own a facility.
Impacts on the Water Service Industry
Year
4 Km
h :4
n gt
Le
Water
Catchment
Area
Supplies
80% of
Penang’s
water need
Causes: 1) Leakages
2) Meter under-registration
Percentage Wastage
3) Pilferages
Pulau
Pinang
19.4%
(2007)
States
ATTRIBUTES
1. Biodiversity
PROCESSES FUNCTIONS
2. Natural heritage
1. Physical 1. Hydrological
3. Cultural heritage
2. Chemical 2. Biogeochemical
4. Scientific value
3. Biological 3. Ecological
5. Knowledge pool
VALUE TO SOCIETY
a) Services b) Goods
1. Irrigation & flood control 1. Timber & non-timber products
2. Water quality maintenance 2. Medicine, genetic resources
3. Carbon & nutrient cycles 3. Fish, birds & other wildlife
4. Habitats & food chain support 4. Eco- and agro-tourism
Response of ecosystem structure and
function to a disturbance
ECOSYSTEM STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
Normal
multiple
states
operating
Measure of range
Resistance
Measure of Degradation
Resilience (No Recovery)
TIME
Disturbance Recovery
Freshwater Research
National authorities and resource
managers need sound scientific
data and timely information on
which to base their projections
and decision-making.
Elements of a Freshwater Research Strategy
for meeting Critical National Water Needs
The Fundamental Challenge:
The national need to build an ever-improving
predictive understanding of water resources
and freshwater ecosystems.
NO EVALUATION NO
Are mitigation efforts meeting
management objectives and targets?
On building a water
literate urban society
To modify water-use behavior
To encourage voluntary water
conservation
Public Awareness and Education Activities
On moving us from
awareness to
acceptance, then
commitment
Levels of Commitment
(Patterson-Conner Model)
Six Messages from Fullan about Change
1. If people cannot find meaning in any reform it
cannot have an impact.
2. Existing strategies will not get us to where we
want to go.
3. Although short-term gains can be achieved by
standards-based reform it is deadly if the
conclusion is that organizations should do more
of the same.
4. The ‘learning organization/community’ is more
than a cliché. It has to be pursued actively.
5. We need to consider the collective good.
6. We have to learn to live with change.
Thank You