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Bridge bearings allow movement between the superstructure and substructure of bridges. Traditionally, bearings included pin, roller, rocker, and metal sliding types. Modern bearings often use elastomeric materials and include pot, laminated elastomeric, and plain elastomeric types. Laminated elastomeric bearings consist of thin rubber sheets bonded between steel plates, providing flexibility and strength. Elastomeric bearings are now commonly used as they can accommodate vertical, shear, and rotational movements needed in bridges.
Bridge bearings allow movement between the superstructure and substructure of bridges. Traditionally, bearings included pin, roller, rocker, and metal sliding types. Modern bearings often use elastomeric materials and include pot, laminated elastomeric, and plain elastomeric types. Laminated elastomeric bearings consist of thin rubber sheets bonded between steel plates, providing flexibility and strength. Elastomeric bearings are now commonly used as they can accommodate vertical, shear, and rotational movements needed in bridges.
Bridge bearings allow movement between the superstructure and substructure of bridges. Traditionally, bearings included pin, roller, rocker, and metal sliding types. Modern bearings often use elastomeric materials and include pot, laminated elastomeric, and plain elastomeric types. Laminated elastomeric bearings consist of thin rubber sheets bonded between steel plates, providing flexibility and strength. Elastomeric bearings are now commonly used as they can accommodate vertical, shear, and rotational movements needed in bridges.
Department of Civil Engg., National Institute of Technology, Warangal NEO CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS Bridge Bearings Function of Bearings
Bridge bearings are used to transfer forces from the superstructure to the substructure, allowing the following types of movements of the superstructure:
Translational movements; and Rotational movements
Until the middle of this century, the bearings used consisted of following types: Pin Roller Rocker Metal sliding bearings Pin Bearing Steel Bearing Rotational Movement is allowed
Lateral and Translational Movements are Restricted A pin bearing is a type of fixed bearings that accommodates rotations through the use of a steel pin.
Translational movements are not allowed.
The pin at the top is composed of upper and lower semi circularly recessed surfaces with a solid circular pin placed between.
Usually, there are caps at both ends of the pin to keep the pinfrom sliding off the seats and to resist uplift loads if required.
The upper plate is connected to the sole plate by either bolting or welding. The lower curved plate sits on the masonry plate. Roller Bearings Single Roller Bearing Multiple Roller Bearing A general drawback to this type of bearing is its tendency to collect dust and debris. Roller type Bearing Roller type Bearing with gear arrangement Longitudinal movements are allowed
Lateral Movements and Rotations are Restricted Rocker type Bearing A rocker bearing is a type of expansion bearing that comes in a great variety.
It typically consists of a pin at the top that facilitates rotations, and a curved surface at the bottom that accommodates the translational movements.
Rocker and pin bearings are primarily used in steel bridges. Sliding Bearing Sliding Bearings
A sliding bearing utilizes one plane metal plate sliding against another to accommodate translations.
The sliding bearing surface produces a frictional force that is applied to the superstructure, substructure, and the bearing itself.
To reduce this friction force, PTFE(poly tetra fluoroethylene) is often used as a sliding lubricating material.
PTFE is sometimes referred to as Teflon, named after a widely used brand of PTFE Sliding Bearing Sliding Bearings be used alone or more often used as a component in other types of bearings.
Pure sliding bearings can only be used when the rotations caused by the deflection at the supports are negligible.
They are therefore limited to a span length of 15 m or less by ASHTTO [10.29.1.1] Knuckle Pinned Bearing It is special form of Roller Bearing in which the Knuckle pin is provided for easy rocking.
A knuckle pin is inserted between the top and bottom casting. The top casting is attached to the Bridge superstructure, while the bottom casting rests on a series of rollers.
Knuckle pin bearing can accommodate large movements and can accommodate sliding as well as rotational movement. Pot Bearing A POT BEARING consists of a shallow steel cylinder, or pot, on a vertical axis with a neoprene disk which is slightly thinner than the cylinder and fitted tightly inside.
A steel piston fits inside the cylinder and bears on the neoprene.
Flat brass rings are used to seal the rubber between the piston and the pot.
The rubber behaves like a viscous fluid flowing as rotation may occur.
Since the bearing will not resist bending moments, it must be provided with an even bridge seat. Pot Bearing Plain Elastomeric Bearing Laminated Elastomeric Bearing Elastomeric material interspersed with steel plates Laminated Elastomeric Bearing consist of a laminated elastomeric bearing equipped with a lead cylinder at the center of the bearing.
The function of the rubber-steel laminated portion of the bearing is to carry the weight of the structure and provide post-yield elasticity.
The lead core is designed to deform plastically, thereby providing damping energy dissipation.
Lead rubber bearings are used in seismically active areas because of their performance under earthquake loads. Laminated Elastomeric Bearing Other types of Bearings Consist of thin rubber sheets bonded onto thin steel plates and combined with an energy dissipation mechanism. The rubber sheets are vulcanized and bonded to the thin steel plates under pressure and heat. it is designed in such a way that bearing is very stiff and strong in vertical direction, but flexible in horizontal direction. Thick mounting steel plates are bonded to the bottom and top surfaces allowing the isolator to be firmly connected to the foundation below and the superstructure above. 3 . 0
E l a s t o m e r i c
B e a r i n g s
Fig: Basic structure of rubber bearing ELASTOMERIC BEARINGS A laminated elastomeric bearing is an elastomeric rubber block reinforced with steel plates vulcanised when built.
This bearing is the connection between a structure and its support, and should make the following possible through elastic deformation:
transmission of normal forces; horizontal movements; rotation of the structure in any direction; transmission of horizontal forces, within defined limits.
It may also be provided with a sliding plane for withstanding large movements of the structure and also having a one or two horizontal movement locking systems. Elastomeric Bearings are designed to accommodate three types of movement. 1. Vertical 2. Shear 3. Rotation Types of Elastomeric Bearings Standard bearings
Bearings are individually moulded and the reinforcing plates are completely buried in the elastomer with at least 4mm lateral cover and generally 2.5mm thick (type B) outside layers with the exception of bearings provided with thick external bands (type C).
These bearings may have a rectangular, square or circular section. They may also have holes for running specific materials through (cross bar anchor), for fitting damping material or for reducing vertical stiffness. Bearings with anchor plates Bearings with sliding surface Laminated elastomeric bearings can be fitted with a sliding surface comprising a PTFE (poly tetra fluoroethylene) sheet dipped in the elastomer of the bearing or notched in the top thick outer plate and a sliding plate provided with an austenitic steel sheet for decks requiring significant movement.
Therefore, the built up bearing only provides very little movement resistance (limited to PTFE/ austenitic steel friction). Restrained bearings Transfer of large horizontal loads in either direction can be provided using steel guides. THANK YOU
Bearings And Bearing Metals: A Treatise Dealing with Various Types of Plain Bearings, the Compositions and Properties of Bearing Metals, Methods of Insuring Proper Lubrication, and Important Factors Governing the Design of Plain Bearings