Potentiometric

Determination of
Hydrogen Ion in Feminine
Wash
An Oral Report By:
Group # 2:
Estiva, Khrisna Ayssa R.
Parungao, Nico Angelo C.
pH
Measure of the acidity and
basicity of a solution
Also important in biological
systems
Feminine wash


Feminine Wash
The female sex organ
produces lactic acid
maintains the normal pH level
and limits the growth of the bad
bacteria
any alteration to the pH level
will lead to the development of
bad bacteria and infection
Determination of H
+

concentrations
1. Colorimetric method
for relatively crude work
certain natural and synthetic
dyes have colors that depend
on the hydrogen ion
concentration


2. Potentiometric method
more accurate
Based on measuring the
potential of electrochemical
cells without drawing
appreciable current.
depends on an electrode
whose potential is sensitive to
hydrogen ion concentration


DIRECT POTENTIOMETRY
provide a rapid and convenient method
to determine the activity of a variety of
cations and anions

Comparison of the potential developed
in a cell containing the indicator
electrode in the analyte solution with its
potential when immersed in one or more
standard solutions of known analyte
concentration

Why do we need an empirical
calibration curve?
Electrode response is related to analyte
activity rather than analyte
concentration.

Activity coefficients are seldom
available.
ionic strength of the solution either is
unknown
Ionic strength is so large that the
Debye-Hckel equation is not
applicable


STANDARD ADDITION
METHOD
involves determining the potential of the
electrode system before and after a
measured volume of a standard has been
added to a known volume of the analyte
solution


V
o
V
std

10
E
2
E
1
S
V
o

1
C
unk
C
std
V
std
METHODOLOGY
Standard Hydrogen Ion Solution

Prepare SHIS:
10
-1
, 10
-2
, 10
-3
, 10
-4
, 10
-5
, 10
-6
M
using HCl and 0.5 M KCl



Sample Preparation


25-mL
vol. flask
5.00 mL feminine wash
+
0.5 M KCl to the mark

Standard Calibration Method
Measurement of Standard Solution
Immerse H
+
ion electrode into standard solution (10
-7
M)

Take millivolt reading while stirring

Repeat same procedure using other standards

Prepare a calibration curve from data obtained

Determination of Analyte

Measure potential of feminine wash solution

Determine level of hydrogen ion in the sample

Standard Addition Method

25-mL beaker: 10 mL of the sample solution
Read initial potential while stirring at
constant rate

Add 0.10 mL 10
-3
M hydrogen ion
standard solution

Repeat addition of 0.10 mL
and potential reading

Results
Direct Calibration
[H+]
(M)
Log
[H+]
E
(mV)
1x10
-7
-7 -9
1x10
-6
-6 -1
1x10
-5
-5 8
1x10
-4
-4 48
1x10
-3
-3 240
1x10
-2
-2 304
1x10
-1
-1 342
Direct Calibration
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
-8 -6 -4 -2 0
E

(
m
V
)

log [H+]
Calibration Plot
Direct Calibration
At E=99mV

Standard Addition
Volume
[H
+
] (mL)
E (mV) x y
0 99 0 10
0.1 111 1x10
-4
15.1933
0.2 118 2x10
-4
19.4704
0.3 120 3x10
-4
21.0459
0.4 117 4x10
-4
19.188
0.5 119 5x10
-4
20.7368
0.6 121 6x10
-4
22.4085
0.7 122 7x10
-4
23.4028

std std
unk
o
S
E E
o std
V C
C
V V V
1
10
1 2


Standard Addition
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008
(
V
s
+
V
o
)

x

1
0
^
(
E
-
E
o
)

CsVs
Standard Addition Plot
Standard Addition
At
Vs=0.1mL
High percent errors in both
method
Direct calibration 24%
Standard addition 16%
Although high, standard
addition is more reliable
Matrix effect
Error

Instrumental
Human

Alkaline Error
The pH glass electrode responds very selectively to hydrogen ions
(H+). However, there is a small interference caused by alkaline ions,
particularly sodium ions (Na+) but also to some extent lithium ions
(Li+). This effect, called the alkaline error, increases with increasing pH
values (pH > 9), higher alkaline concentrations and increasing
temperatures.

At high pH value the hydrogen ion activity is low and the sodium ions
replace the hydrogen ions in the outer gel layer of the glass
membrane. As a result, a pH value that is lower than the actual value
of the sample solution will be measured. Under extreme conditions the
glass membrane responds only to sodium ions.

In order to minimize the contribution of alkaline errors, pH electrode
manufacturers use special glass membranes for electrodes that are
used to measure high alkaline values (high pH). The composition of
the glass membrane will, to a large extent, determine the electrode's
response time and its sensitivity to ions other than H+. However, there
is no types of glass membrane currently available that has zero
alkaline error. Some error will always exist.
Acid Error
At very low pH values acid molecules are
absorbed by the gel layer leading to a decrease
in the hydrogen ion (H+) activity in the gel layer.
The pH measurement, therefore, shows a higher
pH value than the actual value of the measured
solution. This is according to the definition of pH,
if the hydrogen activity decrease the pH value
increase.

The acid error changes very little with
temperature and is only relevant for very low pH
values. Usually below 1.00 pH. Fairly uncommon
applications. However, for these situations, you
can get measuring electrodes with membrane
glasses having specifically low acid errors.

Conclusion
Potentiometry can be used to
determine pH of feminine
wash
Both methods can be used to
determine pH of feminine
wash
Standard calibration is better