Adapting Verbally

And Visually

Presented by
Mohammad Hussain
&

Komal Zehra
 Audience
Adaptation
Audience Adaptation is the Active process of verbally and
visually relating material directly to the specific audience. You will
recall that an affective speech plan is a product of five action Steps:
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• Developing Common ground
• Building and maintaining audience interest
• Relating to the audience’s level of understanding
• Reinforcing or changing audience’s attitudes towards
you and your topic
• Relating information visually
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 Developing
Common Ground
Common Ground - Awareness that the speaker and
the audience share the same or similar information,feelings,
and experiences.
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Use Personal Pronouns -
Pronouns referring directly to the one speaking, spoken to, or spoken
about
Ask Rhetorical Questions -
Questions phrased to simulate a mental response rather than a
spoken response
Share Common Experience -
Share your common Experience by selecting and presenting personal
experiences
Personalize Information -
Relating information to specific audience references
Creating and Maintaining
Audience Interest
L istener’s interest depends on whether they
believe the information has personal impact
----

Below are four Principle you can use to build and maintain Audience
interest

Timeliness
Listeners are more likely to be interested in information they perceive as timely
they want to know how they can use that information now
Proximity
Information with a relationship to personal space
Seriousness
Information having Physical, economic or Physiological impact
Vividness
Information that arouses our sense
 Adapting to the audience’s
level of Understanding
If you Predict that your listeners do not
have the necessary background to
understand the information that you will
present in your speech, you will need to
orient them. If, however, you predict that
your audience has sufficient background,
you will need to present information in a
way that will ensure continuous
Orienting Listeners
understanding
e likely to stop paying attention if they are lost at the start of th

Presenting New Information

Even when we predict that our audience has the
necessary background information, we still need to
work on ways of presenting new information that
ensures continued understanding.
Building a Positive Attitude
toward you as the Speaker
Credibility -
The level of trust an audience has or will have
in the speaker

There are three steps that are defined to build a positive attitude
towards you as the speaker
----

Building Audience Perception of Your Knowledge and

Expertise
Building Audience Perception of Your Trustworthiness
Building Audience Perception of Your Personality
----
Building Audience Perception of your
Knowledge and Expertise
Your Audience will expect you to have a wealth of high-
quality examples, illustrations, and personal experiences in
your speech
----
• The first step in building a perception of knowledge and expertise
is to go into the speaking situation fully prepared
• Next step is to show your audience that you have a wealth of
high-quality examples, illustrations, and personal experiences.
• Third step is to show any direct involvement you have had with
the topic area. In addition to increasing the audience’s perception
of your depth of knowledge, your personal involvement increase
the audience perception of your practical understanding of the
issue and your personal concern for the subject
Building Audience Perception of
Your Trustworthiness
Trustworthiness -
Speaker’s character and apparent motivates
for speaking
----
• Early in your speech, it is important to show why listeners
need to know your information
• Throughout the speech, you can emphasize your sincere
interest in their well-being.
• The more listeners see you as one of them, the easier it will
be for you to establish your trust worthiness
Building Audience Perception
of your Personality
• Audience perception of your
personality are likely to be based on
their first impression of you
• Try to dress appropriately, groom
yourself carefully, and carry yourself in an
attractive manner.
• Audience react favorably to a speaker
who acts friendly.
• A smile and a pleasant tone of voice go
a long way in showing warmth that will
increase listeners’ comfort with you
and your ideas.
 Adapting to the Audience’s
attitude towards your speech
goal
Attitude-
A predisposition for or against people, places or things that usually expressed as an
opinion
----

Adapting to listeners, attitudes towards your speech goal is

especially important for persuasive speeches, but it can be
important for informative speeches as well.
At the outset, try to predict whether listeners will view your topic
positively, negatively, or have no opinions.
Adapting to Audiences
Visually
Visual Aids -
A form of speech development that enables the
audience to see as well as to hear information
(i)__Visual Aids you can carry
Many times your speech can be helped by using a visual aid
you can carry to class

• Yourself
• Objects
• Models
• Photographs
• Films
• Slides
 Yourself
On Occasion, you can be your own best visual aid. For
instance, through descriptive gestures you can show
the height of tennis net; through your postures and
movement you can show the motions involved in the
butterfly swimming stroke; and through your own
attire you can illustrate the native dress of foreign
country
 Objects
A cell phone, a basketball, or a braided rug
are the kind of objects you can bring that
can be seen by the audience. Objects make
good visual aids if
1- They are large enough to be seen (consider
how far away people will be sitting)
2- Small enough to carry around with you.
 Models
When an object is too large to bring to the
speech site or too small to be seen, a three-
dimensional model may prove a worth while
substitute. If you were to talk about turbine
engine, a suspension bridge, an Egyptian
Pyramid, or the structure of an atom, a
model might well be the best visual aid.
Working models can be especially eye-
cracking.
Photographs
Photos are useful visual aids when you
need an exact reproduction. To be
effective, they need to be large
enough to be seen from the back of
the room and effective enough to
make your point at glance
 Films
Although Films can be brought to class, they are
seldom appropriate for speeches-mostly because
films so dominate that the speaker loses control.
Occasionally during a longer speeches you may
want to use short clips of a minute or two each.
Still, because projecting film requires darkening
the room for that portion of time, using a film in a
speeches is often disruptive. Moreover, to use
films you must bring a projector to class with you.
 Slides
The advantage of slides over films is
that you can control when each image
will be shown. The remote-control
device enables you to pace your
slides and talk about each one as long
as necessary. As with films, slides
requires darkening the room when
they are projected, and novice
speakers may lose control of their
audience. And as with films, you must
bring a projector to class with you
(ii)__Visual Aids you can create
The next group of visual aids require more work for you
because you have to create them

• Drawings
• Maps
• Charts
- Word Charts
- Organizational Charts
• Graphs
- Bar graph
- Line graph
- Pie graphs
 Drawing
Simple drawings are easy to prepare. If you
can use a compass, a straightedge, and a
measure, you can draw well enough for
most speech purposes.
Stick figures may not be aesthetically
pleasing as professional drawings, but
they work just as well. In fact, elaborate,
detailed drawings are not worth the time
and effort they actually may obscure the
point you wish to make.
 Maps
Like drawings, maps are relatively easy to
prepare. Simple maps enables you to
focus on landmarks (mountains, rivers,
and lakes), states, cities, land routes,
or weather system
 Charts
A chart is a graphic representation that distills a lot of
information and present it to an audience is easily
interpreted format. Word charts and Organizational
charts are most common examples and used
commonly

Word Charts
Word charts are often used to preview materials that will
be covered in a speech, to summarize materials, and to
remind an audience of speech content.

Organizational Charts
diagram of a complicated system or procedure using
symbol and connecting lines
 Graph
A graph is a diagram that compares
information
Below are three common types of Graphs
• Bar graphs
Diagram that compares information with vertical or
horizontal bars to show relationship between two or
more variables at the same time or at various times on
one or more dimension
• Line graphs
A diagram that indicates changes in one or more
variable over time
• Pie graphs
A diagram that shows relationship among parts of
a single unit
 A Plan of
Adaptation
Writing a Speech Plan

It is a written strategy for

establishing common ground,
maintaining interest, ensuring
understanding, and copying with
potential negative reactions to you
as a speaker or to your topic or
goal. Even though your classroom
audience may be similar to you in
age, race, religion, academic
background, and so forth, you must
still think through your strategies
carefully.
Summary
Speakers adapt to their audiences by
speaking directly to them by planning
strategies that create or build audience
interest, adapt to audience level of
understanding, and adapt to the
audience’s attitude towards the speaker
and towards the goal
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For your first few Speeches, it may help to write out
a speech plan that specifies how you will adapt your
speeches to the specific audience