EEE 432 Measurement & Instrumentation

Term Project Presentation

LDR and NTC Based Fire Detection System
Contents
Circuit schematic

Sensors to be used

Other components used in the circuit

Brief descriptions of the materials

Circuit Schematic
Circuit Schematic
NTC will serve as a heat sensor meanwhile LDR will serve as a light sensor.

When there is neither heat nor light in the surrounding area, Logic 1 will
be obtained at the inputs of the NOR gate and the output will be Logic 0.
Thus, BJT transistor will be OFF.

When there is a sudden light and heat in the surrounding area, Logic 0 will
be obtained at the inputs of the NOR gate. Regarding this, BJT transistor
will be ON and will energize the relay. As a consequence, the buzzer which
is connected to the relay contact will be activated.
NTC
As a special resistor, NTC (Negative Temperature Coefficient) thermistor
can vary its resistance more significantly with the temperature than
standard resistors.

It exhibits decreasing resistance characteristics with increasing
temperature.

NTC thermistors are composed of metal oxides. A mixture of two or more
metal oxide powders are combined with suitable binders, are formed to a
desired geometry, dried, and sintered at an elevated temperature.

NTC
General Characteristics
NTC
LDR
Photo resistors, also known as light dependent resistors (LDR), are light
sensitive devices most often used to indicate the presence or absence of
light.

Their resistance is very high (sometimes up to 1M) in the dark but when
exposed to light, the resistance drops dramatically, even down to a few
ohms depending on the light intensity

LDR
Modern light dependent resistors are made of lead sulfide, lead selenide,
indium antimonide, and most commonly cadmium sulfide (CdS) and
cadmium selenide.

To manufacture a cadmium sulfide LDR, highly purified cadmium sulfide
powder and inert binding materials are mixed. Electrodes are vacuum
evaporated onto the surface of one side.
LDR
General Characteristics
LDR
NOR Gate using CMOS
TC4007UBP contains three elements of P-channel enhancement type MOS
FET and three elements of N-channel enhancement type MOS FET.
Depending on how connections are made, NOR Gate application is easily
obtained.
Relay
A relay is a simple electromechanical switch made up of an
electromagnet and a set of contacts. In other words it is an electrically
operated switch.

Relays are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a low-power
signal (with complete electrical isolation between control and controlled
circuits) or where several circuits must be controlled by one signal.

Buzzer
A buzzer or beeper is an audio signalling device. Similarly, the relay will be
connected to interrupt its own actuating current, causing the contacts to
buzz. The word "buzzer" comes from the rasping noise that
electromechanical buzzers made.
Buzzer
DEMONSTRATION
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