THIS IS THE WAY

ENUM Variants
Jim McEachern
Carrier VoIP Standards Strategy

THIS IS

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ENUM Variants
User ENUM

Infrastructure ENUM

Private ENUM

Enterprise ENUM

ENUM to enable new business models
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Important Aspects of ENUM
Access
Public DNS (e164.arpa) or Private?

Content
User URI (AoR) or Interconnection URI?

Control of content
End user opt-in & control, or carrier control?

Routing decision
originating end user, terminating end user, or carrier?
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ENUM for Dummies
Public
(e164.arpa)
Private
User URI Interconnect URI
User
ENUM
Infrastructure
ENUM
Private
ENUM
Infrastructure
ENUM?
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Who is in Control?
Public
(e164.arpa)
Private
User URI Interconnect URI
User
ENUM
Infrastructure
ENUM
Private
ENUM
Infrastructure
ENUM?




End User
opt-in
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ENUM Variants
User ENUM

Infrastructure ENUM

Private ENUM

Enterprise ENUM

ENUM for new business model
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User ENUM (SIP) Call Flow
1. The caller
simply dials the
persons normal
telephone number
2. Calling party proxy UAC queries
DNS for location of end point
3. DNS returns NAPTR record
containing SIP URL
4. Calling party UA connects the call
ENUM Global Directory (DNS) Equates
+1-202-555-1234 to sip:name@domain.com
to enable Voice over IP using SIP
ENUM typically illustrated like this, but
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User ENUM vs. SIP
User ENUM query can return a single response, or multiple
responses, with priority indicated.
sipping WG (RFC 3824) recommends returning a single SIP address-of-
record, and letting SIP mechanisms deal with priorities, capabilities,
preference, presence & redirection.
User ENUM allows multiple entries, including priorities and capabilities.
SIP, H.323, mobile, messages, email, etc.
can even return another E.164 number
duplicates functionality in SIP
no consensus on which should be used
User ENUM provides user preferences for being reached
hints to help the caller decide where to direct the call
nothing requires the caller to follow those preferences
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Alternative User ENUM/SIP Call Flow
1. Caller dials normal
phone number
2. SIP UAC queries DNS for
location of end point
3. DNS returns NAPTR record
containing SIP URL to Calling Party
UA
4. Callers UA initiates call with SIP URL
ENUM Global Directory (DNS) Equates
+1-613-555-1234 to sip:jmce@domain.com
to enable Voice over IP using SIP
ENUM query can be done by VoIP client
ENUM

SIP
Proxy

SIP
Proxy
Dial
+1-613-555-1234
Query
4.3.2.1.5.5.5.3.1.6.1.e164.arpa?
Response
sip:jmce@domain.com
Sip
Sip:jmce@domain.com
Call Setup
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User ENUM for Routing?
ENUM
Carrier A
Carrier B
SIP
Proxy
SIP
Client
B
SIP
Proxy
SIP
Client
A
Internet
?
?
?
User ENUM cannot provide routing
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ENUM Variants
User ENUM

Infrastructure ENUM

Private ENUM

Enterprise ENUM

ENUM for new business model
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Infrastructure ENUM
I-ENUM
Carrier A
Carrier B
SIP
Proxy
SIP
Client
B
SIP
Proxy
SIP
Client
A
Internet
Infrastructure ENUM identifies interconnect point
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VoIP Peering


IETF SPEERMINT WG is addressing VoIP peering problem
in cooperation with Infrastructure ENUM
Infrastructure ENUM identifies the carrier of record, but
if you have a business relationship, you already know the
interconnection point for that carrier.
if you dont have a business relationship, you probably wont be
allowed to directly interconnect anyway.
What problem is SPEERMINT solving?
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ENUM Variants
User ENUM

Infrastructure ENUM

Private ENUM

Enterprise ENUM

ENUM for new business model
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ENUM for 3GPP IMS
IMS specifies that all routing shall be based on SIP URI
E.164 numbers shall be translated to SIP URI using ENUM, or any
other suitable translation database

ENUM in IMS must be Private ENUM
full SIP URI required for routing
data privacy laws
competitive information

Infrastructure ENUM can be used to interconnect between
IMS networks


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IMS - Private ENUM
I-ENUM
Carrier A
Carrier B
SIP
Proxy
SIP
Client
B
SIP
Proxy
SIP
Client
A
Internet
Private ENUM Translates E.164 - to - URI
P-ENUM
P-ENUM
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ENUM Variants
User ENUM

Infrastructure ENUM

Private ENUM

Enterprise ENUM

ENUM for new business model
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Enterprise ENUM
ENUM
Carrier A
Carrier B
SIP
Proxy
SIP
Client
C
SIP
PBX
SIP
Client
A
Internet
Enterprise ENUM can take many forms
SIP
Client
B
Internal translation
from E.164 to SIP URI
1
2
3
ENUM
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Enterprise ENUM
Public
(e164.arpa)
Private
User URI Interconnect URI
User
ENUM
Infrastructure
ENUM
Private
ENUM
Infrastructure
ENUM?
3
2
1
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ENUM Variants
User ENUM

Infrastructure ENUM

Private ENUM

Enterprise ENUM

ENUM for new business model
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New ENUM Applications - vCard
ENUM
Carrier A
Carrier B
SIP
Proxy
SIP
Client
B
SIP
PBX
SIP
Client
A
Query based on originating E.164 number
vCard
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New ENUM Applications - CNAM
Carrier A
Carrier B
SIP
Proxy
SIP
Client
B
SIP
PBX
SIP
Client
A
Query based on originating E.164 number
P-ENUM
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Summary
When ENUM is specified, which variant is intended?

ENUM flavors are reasonably orthogonal
With clear rules they could be completely orthogonal

Many interesting applications for ENUM will use
Private ENUM
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Thank you