The societies can be categorized depending on

their mode of production.

The main social types are traditional and
modern.
Among traditional society tribal and agrarian
(before industrialization) is important.
The industrial society is modern or
technological society.

Types of society
1. The simple society: for satisfying their need
they directly use the natural products like food
gathering, cultivation of land, breeding of cattle
etc.
2. For housing & tools they use materials provided
by nature – wood, stone, clay, animal bones
etc.
3. Use of Archaic technology –
4. Elementary division of labor- distribution of
tasks by sex & age group.
5. Subsistence economy

Characteristics of traditional
society
The social organization rests on 2 pillars –
Kinship system & age group,
Kinship recognize 2 types of relationship –
relations by birth & relations by marriage.
Age group- In these societies rights &
obligations are attached to different stages of
human life.
Social control – it is exerted in a direct &
immediate way , because all people know
others personally.
Unconditional submission to society are
required.

The social organization

 The mentality of traditional society is
different from modern mentality.
1. Empirical knowledge : based on a long
tradition of accuracy.
2. Conservatism : change & innovation are
not warmly welcomed & considered as a
threat.
3. Mythology takes the place of theoretical
science.
4. Fusion of the sacred and secular :

Mentality of Traditional society

Technological or modern economy is
characterized by economy of production – high
labor productivity supported by machines,
electricity , electronics and nuclear energy.
Enormous investment of capital
Complex division of labour – era of specialization
and professionalization.
Movement of labor force from primary to
secondary and tertiary sector.

Technological Society
Break between the producer & consumer
–
Constant increase in consumption
demands -


Continued…
Social organizations are complex
Multiple roles are performed by the individuals
 Man must be a producer not only in industry ,
but also in intellectual , artistic , political ,
even religious field.
Domination of achieved status –
A class society
A professionalized society, mainly urban in
nature.

Social organization
Demystification of knowledge: scientific
explanation of natural features events etc.
Faith in science and progress
It is a milieu for the mixing of ideas.
Vast change in moral order –
secularization
Religious and moral pluralism

Mentality of Traditional society

Idea of traditional & modern society
 Basic characteristics of traditional society
in terms of economy, society, and
mentality.
Basic features of modern society.

Synopsis