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Introduction to Biomedical

Engineering
What is Biomedical Engineering ?
It is application of engineering principles and
design concepts to biology and medicine to
improve the health of society.

It is defined as the application of knowledge
gained by cross fertilization of engineering and
biological sciences so that both will be more
fully utilized for the benefit of man.
What is Biomedical Instrumentation ?
Tools provided to measure different
physiological variables (biological variables) of
a living being is called biomedical
instrumentation.
History behind biomedical engineering
First biomedical equipment used in 19
th

century was X-Ray machine which was
invented in 1895.
Later development included ECG,
STETHESCOPE, BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORS,
MRI, ULTRA SOUND SCANNING.
Main reason behind invention of
biomedical equipment
NASA
Need for biomedical engineering
Need of biomedical engineering
Promising future development
Improves medicine, save lives
Numerous possibilities based on level of
biology and engineering specialty
There is a vital advantage over many fields
is aimed at keeping people healthy.
Need for instrumentation
The need for instrumentation to make proper
and accurate measurements.
This involves the design, use and maintenance
of biomedical instrumentation come from
either life science or from engineering
All measurements depend essentially on the
detection, acquisition, display.
BRANCHES OF BIOMEDICAL
ENGINEERING
Medical Instrumentation
Bio materials
System physiology and modeling
Bio signal processing
Medical imaging
Bio mechanics and Rehabilitation




Biomedical Instrumentation
It is the application of electronics and
measurement techniques to develop the
devices used in diagnosis and treatment of
disease.

Biomaterials
Use of material both living and artificial
materials for implantation.
System physiology and modeling
Modeling refers to use of scientific and
engineering principles predict the behavior of
a system of interest may include human body,
particularly body organs.
Bio signal processing
Involves collection and analysis of data from
patients and experiments in an effort to
understand and identify individual
components of the data set or signal.
Medical imaging
It combines the knowledge of a unique
physical phenomenon with high speed
electronic data processing analysis and display
to generate an image.
Biomechanics and Rehabilitation
Biomechanics applies both fluid mechanics
and transport phenomena to biological and
medical issues.

Rehabilitation enhances the capabilities and
improve the quantity of life for individuals
with physical cognitive impairments.
Branches of Biomedical
Instrumentation
Clinical Instrumentation
Research Instrumentation
Clinical Instrumentation
Clinical instrumentation is basically devoted to
diagnosis, care and treatment of patients.
Its very simple to use if there is sufficient
knowledge.

Research Instrumentation
This instrumentation is primarily based on
developing new knowledge pertaining to the
various systems that compose the human
organism.
Types of measurements in Biomedical
Instrumentation
In vivo
A in vivo measurement is one that is made on
or within the living organism itself.
In vitro
A in vitro measurement is one performed
outside the body even though it relates to
function of the body.
Man Instrumentation system
The overall system which includes both the
human organism and the instrumentation
required for the measurement of man is called
as man-instrument system.
Objectives of man-instrument system
Information gathering
Diagnosis
Evaluation
Monitoring
Control

Components of man-instrumentation
system
Subject
Stimulus
The transducer
Signal conditioning equipment
Display equipment
Recording and data processing
Control devices

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