LaTeX

Using Miktex 2.9

By
-Vijay Yadav
Basics
Document Class
\documentclass[options]{class}
options = a4paper, 11pt, 12pt, 10pt, twocolumn, landscape,...
class = article, report, book,...
Packages
\usepackage{package name}
epsfig = insert PS pictures into the
document
fancyhdr = easy definition of footer and
header
Basic Format
Article
\documentclass[12pt]{article}
Basic Format
Report
\documentclass[a4paper,twoside,10pt]{report}

Basic Format
Book
\documentclass{book}

Body of Text
Start with \begin{document}
End with \end{document}
Typesetting Text
\\ or \newline and \newpage
Bold \textbf{} or \bf
Emphasise \emph{}
Italic \textit{} or \it{..}
Underline \underline{} or \ul

Body of Text contd..(examples)
Example output:

Following are examples of
\textbf{Bold}
\emph{Emphsise}
\textit{Italic}
\underline{Underline}
Output
Try these:-
Format
Sections
\chapter{} - To be used with book
and report document classes
Eg \chapter{Latex}
\section{}
1.1,1.2 ,..
Eg \section{Introduction}
\subsection{}
1.1.1,1.1.2,..
Eg \subsection{Latex is good}
\subsubsection{}
1.1.1.1,.
Eg \subsubsection{Its a way
of representing document}
\appendix - changes numbering
scheme

output
Titles, Authors and others
\title{}
\author{}

Eg:-
\title{These is TITLE}
\author{Here is the Author's name}

Format Contd.
Output
Paragraph and footnote
\paragraph{}
\footnote{}
Eg:-
\paragraph{These is
paragraph1}
\par{These is paragraph2}
\footnote{These is FOOTER}

Output
Format Contd.
Labels
\label{marker} - Marker in document.
\pageref{marker} - Displays page no. of
marker.
\ref{marker} - Displays section location of
marker.
Itemize
Use either enumerate, itemize or description.

Lists
Itemize
Source
\begin{itemize}
\item Apple
\item Orange
\end{itemize}
Result
Apple
Orange

Output
Lists contd..
Enumerate
Source
\begin{enumerate}
\item Apple
\item Orange
\end{enumerate}
Result
1. Apple
2. Orange
Output
Lists contd..(example)
Try these:
Alignment
Environments center, flushleft,
flushright
Example
\begin{flushright}
Right aligned
\end{flushright}
Result
Right aligned

Maths in LaTeX
Use of \(\)
Example:
I=\(\int_{0}^{1}\(\int_{0}^{x^{2}} e^{y/x} \,dy \,dx \)

Output
Maths in LaTeX
Use of \[\]
Example:
I=\[\int_{0}^{1}\(\int_{0}^{x^{2}} e^{y/x} \,dy \,dx
\]

Output
Symbols
There are a great deal of examples such as Greek
letters, set and relations symbols, arrows, binary
operators, etc.
Example:




\forall x \in X, \quad \exists y \leq \epsilon
Greek Symbol
Greek letters are commonly used in
mathematics
Example:


\alpha, A, \beta,
B, \gamma, \Gamma, \pi, \Pi, \phi, \varphi,
\Phi
Subscript and Superscript
Subscript
Underscore(_) is used for Subscript.
For Example


Superscript
caret (^) is used for Superscript.
For Example

Code: x_{1} \\
a_{x} \\
Code: x^{2} \\
a^{x} \\
Operators
An operator is a function that is written as a word: e.g. trigonometric
functions (sin, cos, tan), logarithms and exponentials (log, exp). LaTeX has
many of these defined as commands:
For Example:
1. \cos (2\theta) = \cos^2 \theta - \sin^2 \theta


2. \[\lim_{x \to \infty} \exp(-x) = 0 \]


Try these
Fraction
\frac{1}{2}
\frac{x}{y}
\frac{\,dy}{\,dx}
o/p:

Try these:
Output


Integration
Integral without limits


\int x \,dx
Integral with limits


\int_{a}^{b} x \,dx
Double Integration


\iint \limits_{R} x \,dx
Triple Integration


\iiint \limits_{V} x \,dx
Try these:


Equations in LaTeX
\begin{equation} \label{eq:someequation}
5^2 - 5 = 20
\end{equation}
this references the equation \ref{eq:someequation}
Tables in LaTeX
Columns
\begin{tabular}{|||}
\end{tabular}
Rows
& - Split text into columns
\\ - End a row
\hline - Draw line under row
e.g. 123123 & 34.00\\ \hline

Two Columns
l = automatically adjust
size, left justify
r = automatically adjust
size, right justify
p = set size
e.g. p{4.7cm}
c = Centre text
Example of Table
Name Roll No. Branch
Student1 1 Comps
Student2 2 I.T
\begin{tabular}{|l|r|c|} \hline
Name & Roll No. & Branch \\ \hline
Student1 & 1 & Comps \\ \hline
Student2 & 2 & I.T \\ \hline
\end{tabular}

Tables Example
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|}
\hline \(x\) & p \\
\hline \(x_{0}\) & 0 \\
\hline \(x_{n}\) & n \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
Matrix
\[
\begin{pmatrix}
a & b \\
c & d
\end{pmatrix}
\quad
\begin{bmatrix}
a & b \\
c & d
\end{bmatrix}
\quad
\begin{vmatrix}
a & b \\
c & d
\end{vmatrix}
\]
Matrix Example
\[
\begin{bmatrix}
\(x_{1}\) & \(x_{2}\) \\
\(y_{1}\) & \(y_{2}\)
\end{bmatrix}
=\quad
\begin{bmatrix}
\(a\sin \theta\) & \(a\cos \theta\) \\
\(b\cos\theta\) & \(b\sin \theta\)
\end{bmatrix}
\]
Images in LaTeX
\begin{figure}
\begin{center}\includegraphics
[scale=1]{block.pdf}
\end{center}
\caption{block dig}
\end{figure}


\begin{figure}
\begin{flushleft}\includegraphics
[scale=1]{handset.jpg}
\end{flushleft}
\caption{handset}
\end{figure}

Thank You
Sources of Water
Surface-Water Rain-Water Underground-Water Sea-Water
Flowing-Water Still-Water
Springs
Tube-Wells Wells
Streams Rivers Sea
Lakes Reservoirs Ponds

2

2

2

2

2
H
2

Lime-Soda Process
Batch-process Continuous
-process
Batch-process Continuous
-process
Cold Lime-Soda
Process
Hot Lime-Soda
Process