Sunteți pe pagina 1din 44

COMPUTER AIDED DRAFTING 2

Lesson 1: Drawing
The universal language in engineering and technical
work.
Any engineering construction whether it be engine
design, product design, construction design or any
component part of any object requires a well
prepared drawing or plan before it is constructed.
Types of Drawing
Line Drawing
Pictorial Drawing
Perspective Drawing
Isometric Drawing
Oblique Drawing
Working Drawing
Detail and Assembly

Line Drawing
One method of drawing is to construct an object from
lines out of geometric shapes or simple figure.
Pictorial Drawing
Shows object as they would appear in a photograph.
Perspective Drawing
These drawings more nearly represent an object as
it would appear to the eye.
a. One Point Perspective
A single point on the horizon where a subject
vanishes.
b. Two-Point or Angular Perspective
The object is assumed to be a station directly in
front.
Vanishing
Point
Vanishing
Point
Ground Line
c. Two-Point Perspective
The observer is assumed to be at a station above
the block.
Ground Line
d. Two-Point Perspective
The observing station is low, placing the ground line
and horizon on the same phase.

Isometric Drawing
Horizontal lines are drawn to recede 30 deg to the
right and 30 deg to the left.
Oblique Drawing
The receding lines in oblique drawings do not
converge but remain parallel with each other.
Working Drawing
To make an object as required, the craftsman must
have a clear representation of the shape and
definite, accurate information about its size, details,
special process, materials and finish.
Drawings with two or more vies are used to give
complete information about the object.
Working Drawing

1. The general size, shape
and function (purpose of
the product)
2. The material specifications
that are required (type and
the size of metal, wood,
plastics, ceramics, papers,
fabrics)
3. The fabrication technique
to be used (joints, weld,
adhesives)
4. The hardware that is
required (hinges, locks,
electrical parts etc.)
5. The finishing method

Working Drawing
Detail and Assembly Drawing
Products which are complex and the complexity will
determine just how much information can be
presented on one drawing.
Lesson 2: Lettering
Lettering is important in any drawing because it
gives other pertinent information necessary to depict
the object under construction with the drawing or the
graphical representation fails to show.

Styles of Letters
Single stroke gothic lettering style
Single stroke vertical upper case or caps
Single stroke vertical lower case or small letters
Single stroke inclined upper case
Single stroke inclined lower or small letters
Roman Letters
Italic Letters
Text Letters

Single Stroke Gothic Lettering Style
Single stroke vertical upper case or caps
Single stroke vertical lower case or small letters
Single stroke inclined upper case
Single stroke inclined lower or small letters
Roman Letters
All letters having
accented: strokes or
consisting of heavy
and lights or thick
and thin lines.
Italic Letters
All slanting letters are classified as Italics.
Sometimes they are referred to as either Roman
Italics or Gothic Italics.
Text Letters
Includes all kinds of old English German text,.
This style is often used on diplomas and certificates.

General Proportion of Letters
1. Normal Letters when letters are drawn neither
too narrow nor too wide
Letter I (capital) the narrowest and the foundation stroke
of all letters
W widest letter
O Q M the second widest letter
A C D G K U X Y the third widest letters while others are
average width

General Proportion of Letters (contd)
2. Compressed Letters these letters are narrow in
width in proportion to the height and are used when
space is limited.
3. Extended Letters these letters are wider than
the normal letters and are used when the space is
very wide.

Lesson 3: Drawing Instruments, materials
and Equipment
In mechanical drawing, it is necessary to know and
be acquainted with the different instruments,
supplies and materials and equipment to be used.
1. T-square
T-square is used as guide in drawing horizontal
lines.
They are usually permanent or fixed head and
movable adjustable head.
A. Fixed head T-
square
1. T-square
Adjustable Head T-square
2. Triangles
30 x 60 45 x 45
Used to guide vertical and inclined lines.
3. Scales or Rule
Flat Ruler
Steel Tape
Zigzag Ruler
Engineers scale Architects scale &
More..
Compass
Protractor
French Curve
Drawing Pencil
Drawing Pens

Lesson 4: Geometric Construction
Geometric terms and figures:
Point this refers to a geometric figure without any
dimension. It only shows position.
Line this is a figure made only by a moving point.

Perpendicular Line lines drawn 90 deg in relation to a
horizontal line.
Geometric terms and figures: (contd)
Horizontal Lines are lines parallel to the horizon or the
lower edge of the drawing paper.
Vertical Lines lines which are parallel to the vertical
edge of the paper.




Inclined Lines neither vertical nor horizontal

Geometric terms and figures: (contd)
Angles
Right Angle
Acute Angle
Obtuse Angle
Reflex Angle
Straight Angle
Triangle
Scalene
Isosceles
Equilateral
Right Angles
Parallel Lines
Bisect


Trisect
Geometric terms and figures: (contd)
Tangent Line
Arc
Circumference
Radius
Chord
Sector
Diameter
Center

Geometric terms and figures: (contd)
Polygon
Square
Pentagon
Hexagon
Heptagon
Octagon
Nonagon
Decagon
And more
Lesson 5: Orthographic Projectio
Is the graphical representation of the different views
of an object to show the necessary information
needed.
6 Possible views (Front, top, right side bottom, rear,
and left view)
Three Planes of Projection
1. Frontal or Vertical plane the front view is
projected
2. Horizontal plane plane where the appearance of
the object as viewed directly from above on top is
projected.
3. Profile or Inclined plane plane that will show the
shape of an object when viewed from the side and
the distance from the bottom to top and the
distance from the front to rear.
Alphabet of Lines
Visible or object line
Invisible line, hidden or dotted line ------------------------
----

Dimension line

Center line
Extension, projection or witness line

Leader line -
Alphabet of lines
Cutting plane line


Reference line

Short break line

Long break line -

S-ar putea să vă placă și