Environmental

dimension in a
ship ’ s life cycle

Presented by:
Deepak Tiwari
Nishant Pant
What Is Product Life
Cycle?
The average life period of a particular product.
How long a particular product will stay in the
market.
PLC of product is divided into 4 stages:
Introduction
Growth
Maturity
Decline

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PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE
Birth

Growth

Maturity

Decline and death

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 LIKE EVERY OTHER


PRODUCT…..

SHIPS ALSO HAVE

A LIFE CYCLE
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Life cycle of a Ship…….
Can also be classified into 4 stages…


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 Life C ycle o f
S h ip

Design

Construction

Operation

Scrapping

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Life Cycle Assessment
(LCA)
Used to identify, evaluate and minimize energy
consumption and environmental impacts with
respect to its life of the product.
Sometimes called as “cradle-to-grave ”
assessment.
Provides better designs.
Makes product cost effective.
Helps provide environmentally sound products.
Provides ideas for efficient waste mgmt.
systems.
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Thus LCA is…..


A systematic way of examining the



environmental impacts of a product

throughout its life cycle, from raw materials
extraction through the processing,
transport, use and finally product disposal.

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  Input/output of any industrial processes.


ENERGY

Products
Industrial Processes

Environmental Impact
Financial Resources
Materials
Know-how
Manpower
Waste Emission

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BASIC CONCEPT OF LCA
An environmental
approach
After scrapping, waste material needs to be
disposed off.
Special Considerations regarding
Waste prevention.
Waste minimization at source.
Reuse, recover, repair, recycle.
Incineration (burning with or without energy
recovery)
Landfill

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 Energy & environment of pre-production stage


Energy Sources

Transport. Transport

Raw Material Material Extraction industry

Engineering material
Steel and aluminum

Air pollution
Land pollution
Solid Waste Consumers
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The main objectives of
LCA are:

Minimization of energy consumption


Minimization of environmental impacts

Rationalization of material used


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Main concepts of LCA of a product:

Raw Materials Product Life Cycle Energy

Rationalization Waste
Emission

Product Improvement
Minimization

Life cycle Assessment

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Inventory analysis
Identification and calculation of energy and
resources used and environmental releases
to air, water and land for all the processes
within the system boundary.
The system boundaries includes :
Main production sequence ,
Handling and transport operations,
Production and use of fuels, generation of
energy (electricity and heat, including fuel
production)
Disposal of all process wastes
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Environmental impact
assessment (EIA)
Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is the
technical qualitative and quantitative
characterization and assessment of the
consequences on the environment.
The impact analysis addresses ecological and
human health consequences and resource
depletion.

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The main elements to be
considered in an EIA

Resources
Human health
Global warming
Depletion of stratospheric ozone
Acidification
Habitat alterations and impacts on biological
diversity
Risk assessment

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Improvement analysis
It is the evaluation and implementation of
opportunities to reduce environmental
burdens.
This could be achieved by:
The efficient use of natural and man-made
materials and in a cost effective manner,
Better measurement of environmental
impacts,
Minimization of consumption and
management of wastes by recycling/reuse of
waste as a raw material,
Using clean technologies, polluting less,
cleaning up the pollution,
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Cumulative energy and
emission
Ship building StageShip Operation Stage
Ship Scrapping Stage
 LCA of ships


LCA of Ship = rational use of material +

outfitting material + energy consumption +
environmental impact…this is applicable in all
stages of the ship design till scrapping i.e.
Design, construction.
Outfitting, operation, maintenance & repair, &
Finally in ship scrapping… …

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Environmental dimension in
ship design…

Integral part of rational approach to ship
design.
Also called ship design for environment (DFE).
(safety, economy, energy efficiency,

environmental performance and ship disposal)




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Rational use of
materials…
The main materials commonly used in the
shipbuilding industry, which require
rationalization, are:
steel plates and sections,
welding coils and rods,
castings,
forged parts,
timber, paintings, etc.

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 The rational use of these
materials should not
only reduce energy
consumption and the
negative environmental
impacts but should also
have positive economic
gains.

 The minimization of the
negative environmental
impacts and wastes in
ship construction could
be achieved by the
efficient use of ship
construction materials,
welding rods, paints,
etc.
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 ship
production
Energy used:



Direct Indirect

The indirect energy used in the shipbuilding industry is used for the manufacture and p
steel plates and sections, main and auxiliary
engines
locks), fabrication , equipment(cutting
processes , fittings , welding, coils
, forming welding), assembly of steel plates and sectio

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Environmental impacts of
ship
operation
Oceans are essential parts of the global life
support system. They influence the climate
and provide food and other resources for our
growing world population. However, oceans
are under increasing environmental stress
from shipping operations.
With regard to energy consumption, ships
require less energy to carry a given tonnage
of cargo over a given distance than all other
means of transport.
The environmental impacts of ship operation
should be considered for both modes of
operation at sea and in ports.
Environmental Impact on ship operations.
Environmental impact of
ship
scrapping
Ship scrapping is becoming an important
industry in several countries : -
For ship owners, the decision to scrap a ship,
continuing the operation or convert to a
different trade requires condition assessment
and economic evaluation.
Because of the increasing costs of acquiring a
new ship, some ship owners have extended
the life of some of their ships by upgrading
either hull, machinery or both. Extending a
ship’s life is a positive attitude to protect our
natural resources.
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