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Industrial disputes means any dispute or difference between employers and employees. Disputes arising because of rapidly increasing population - no opportunities for gainful employment - no improvement in the standard of living. Failure of trade unions because of union rivalry, nonrecognition, compulsory adjudication for wages and working conditions, unstable trade unions and poor leadership.
Industrial disputes means any dispute or difference between employers and employees. Disputes arising because of rapidly increasing population - no opportunities for gainful employment - no improvement in the standard of living. Failure of trade unions because of union rivalry, nonrecognition, compulsory adjudication for wages and working conditions, unstable trade unions and poor leadership.
Industrial disputes means any dispute or difference between employers and employees. Disputes arising because of rapidly increasing population - no opportunities for gainful employment - no improvement in the standard of living. Failure of trade unions because of union rivalry, nonrecognition, compulsory adjudication for wages and working conditions, unstable trade unions and poor leadership.
Industrial disputes means any dispute or difference between employers and employees, or between employers and workmen or between workmen and workmen, which is connected with the employment or non-employment or terms of employment or with the conditions of labour of any person. 2 1. There must be a dispute or difference (a) between employers and employees, (b) between employers and workmen, and (c) between workmen and workmen.
2. It is connected with the employment or non- employment or the terms of employment or with the conditions of labour of any person, or it must be pertaining to any industrial matter;
3. The relationship between the employer and the workman should be in existence and dispute should be the result of the contract. 3 FOUR CATEGORIES:
1. Industrial factors: 1.(a) relating to work, wages, hours of work, privileges, the rights and obligations of employees and employers, terms and conditions of employment and including matters pertaining to: (I) dismissal of any person (ii) registered agreement, settlement or award. 4 5 2. Disputes arising because of (a) rapidly increasing population no opportunities for gainful employment no improvement in the standard of living. (b) the rising unemployment due to rationalisation and setting up of more capital intensive units. c). The rising prices of essential commodities, their shortages, non-availability, etc. d) Educated workers aware of their rights and will not put up with injustice. e). Failure of trade unions because of union rivalry, non- recognition, compulsory adjudication for wages and working conditions, unstable trade unions and poor leadership. 6 f)) Profit g)Job security h)Right to manage. i)Seniority j)Productivity k)Growing indiscipline, frequent law and order problems and political pressures. 7 2. Managements attitude towards workers:
a)Not willing to negotiate b)Unwillingness to recognise a union. c)Not giving enough powers to the representatives to negotiate d)No consultation with employees over employment issues. 8 3. Government machinery: a)Not successful in implementing legislations b)Irrelevant labour laws c)No training for conciliation officers.
4. Other causes: a)Affiliation of trade unions with political party. b)Political instability c)Rampant corruption in industry and public life. Interest disputes Grievance disputes Disputes over unfair labour practices Recognition disputes
9 1. Interest disputes ( Economic disputes) demands on improvement of wages, fringe benefits, job security
2. Grievance disputes Grievances on discipline an dismissal, the payment of wages and fringe benefits, working hours, overtime, promotion, transfers, rights deriving from seniority, rights of supervisors and union officers, job classification problems and fulfillment of obligations relating to safety and health laid down in the agreement.
10 11 3. Disputes over unfair labour practices: discrimination of workers on the basis of union membership, restraining the employees from exercising their right to organise, join or assist a union, refusal to bargain collectively in good faith with the recognised union, failure to implement an award, settlement or agreement, etc. 4. Recognition disputes because (a) the management dislikes a particular trade union- problem of attitude. (b) There are several unions making conflicting claims to recognition problem of existence or non-existence of rules for determining the representative union. Wastage of man days and dislocation in the production work. Other producers also suffer. Shortage in supply of consumer goods and then increase in prices. Employers suffer - reduction in sale, loss of profits, loss of market, expenses on strike breakers, maintaining police force and loss of public image. 12 13 Workers suffer: Loss of wages, debt problems, personal hardship, mental agony, workers are victimised, kidnapped and beaten up. If strike ends unsuccessful will demoralise, disappoint the workers. A strike in public utility services will cause unnecessary hardship to the society. Law and order problems expenses to the government. 14 Industrial disputes Strikes General strike Sympathy strikes Stay away strike Pen down strike Go slow Work to rule Token strike Lightning strike
Lock-out Gherao Picketing and boycott It means quiting work by a group of workers for the purpose of bringing pressure on their employer to accept their demands. Types of strikes
Economic strike for wages and other economic factors Sympathetic strike to support or to express sympathy with other unions who are on strike in other firms General strike - by members in all unions in an industry Sit down strike- workers do not leave their place of work ,but stop work..also known as pen down strike or tools down strike Slow down strike- workers do not stop their work but reduce the output in an organised way.
It is declared by the employers. To put pressure on their workers. Employers close down the work place until the employees agree to resume the work on the terms and conditions specified by the employers. Layoff means the failure , refusal or in ability of an employer to give employment to a workman on account of: Shortage of power or raw materials Accumulation of stocks Breakdown of machinery Natural calamity
It means termination by the employer of the service of a workman for any reason otherwise than as punishment inflicted by way of diciplinary action,but does not include Voluntary retirement of workman Retirement of the workman On the guard of continued illhealth As a result of non renewal of contract of the employment Progressive management Strong and stable union Atmosphere of mutual trust Mutual accomodation Sincere implementation of agreements Workers participation in management Sound personnel policies Governments role