ARCHES

ARCHES:
A structure, especially one of masonry, forming the
curved, pointed, or flat upper edge of an open space and
supporting the weight above it, as in a bridge or doorway
The arch supports a vertical load
primarily by axial compression of its
wedge-shaped voussoirs.
A curved structural member spanning an opening. The
wedge shaped elements that make up an arch keep one
another in place and transform the vertical pressure of
the structure above into lateral pressure.
TECHNICAL TERMS IN ARCH:
TECHNICAL TERMS IN ARCH
TECHNICAL TERMS IN ARCH:
INTRADOS OR SOFFIT:
It is the under curve of an
arch.
Crown
Highest point of extrados

Extrados
It is the under curve of an arch.



Haunch
It is the lower portion of arch between crown and the
skewbacks.


Spandril:
Curved triangular space formed between the
extrados and the horizontal line through
the crown
A keystone is the wedge-shaped
stone piece fixed at the crown of the
arch
KEY STONE
voussoirs
A wedge-shaped stone or brick that is
used with others to construct an arch
or vault.
SPRINGE
R
Skew back :This the inclined surface on the
abutment

Springer:
It is the first voussior at springing level

It is immediately adjacent to skew back


Springing points: These are the points from
which the curve of arch springs


Springing line: It is an imaginary line joining
the springing points of either end



PIER:
A pier is a solid block of masonry
supporting an arch. They are
often made of stone, but those
serving as primary support for
large arches are usually made
of concrete.
PIER
TECHNICAL TERMS IN ARCH:
FOUNDATION
:
The foundation is a large stone that is set into the ground. The
piers are
then built on top of it. It transfers the weight of the arch to the
soil in the
ground.
CLASSIFICATION OF ARCHES
MD. shabbir, IIA member, MURP
An arch can be classified according to

Shape

Number of centers

Workmanship

Materials of construction

According to shape
According to shape arches are of 10 types. They
are
Flat arch
Segmental arch
Semi-circular arch
Horse-shoe arch
Pointed arch
Venetian arch
Florentine arch
Relieving arch
Stilted arch
Semi-elliptical arch


Flat arch: A flat arch is the angle formed by the
skewbacks as 60 with the horizontal
TECHNICAL TERMS IN ARCH:
TYPES OF ARCHES:
MD.
shabbir, IIA
member,
MURP
TYPES OF ARCHES:
TYPES OF ARCHES:
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TYPES OF ARCHES:
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TYPES OF ARCHES:
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TYPES OF ARCHES:
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TYPES OF ARCHES:
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TYPES OF ARCHES:
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TYPES OF ARCHES:
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TYPES OF ARCHES:
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TYPES OF ARCHES:
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TYPES OF ARCHES:
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TYPES OF ARCHES:
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TYPES OF ARCHES:
MD. shabbir, IIA member, MURP
TYPES OF ARCHES:
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LINTELS:
A lintel is a horizontal
structural member, which is
fixed over the openings viz..,
doors, windows recesses etc.
to support the structure over
the opening.
Lintels are usually rectangular
in shape and they afford
facilities for fixing the door
and window frames, wherever
they are used. Lintels may be
made of several materials
such as wood, stone , brick,
reinforced concrete, rolled
steel sections embedded in
the cement concrete
WOODEN LINTEL

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LINTELS:
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LINTEL
S:
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LINTELS:
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LINTELS:
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LINTELS: