1. What is sound?

2. Define vibration
3. Explain the relationship between wave
and vibration.
4. What is the nature of sound?
5. Discuss echo and Reverberation


Sound speed
MEASURES OF A WAVE
WAVELENGHT ()
- Is the distance that wave moves for every
complete repetition of its motion.
Period the time it takes a point in the
wave to cover a distance equal to
wavelength
Frequency - refers to how often the
particles of the medium vibrates when a
wave passes through the medium
The frequency of a wave

We can substitute 1/T with
frequency (f)

The sound of an oboe playing
in the middle A note has a
frequency of 440 Hz. Find the
wavelength of this note.( the
speed of sound in air at room
temperature is 347 m/s)



The speed of a wave through a specific
medium is determined by the square root
of the ratio of an elasticity factor to an
inertia factor
The speed (v) of a transverse wave is
stretched string is given by the formula:



The waves carried by a
stretched string increase when
tension increases
Speed is inversely proportional to
the inertial factor mass per unit
length linear density
In the case of a longitudinal wave
travelling through a solid rod, the
speed of the wave is given as
Y = Youngs modulus of elasticity of the solid
rod (elasticity factor)

= ( )
The speed of a wave in liquid
is given by the formula







An increase in the pressure will decrease the volume
. A decrease in the volume will increase the density
The speed v of a
longitudinal wave in
a gas
R= is the gas constant
= 8.315 joules per mole kelvin (
J/mole.K)
M= molar mass
T= absolute temperature
= gamma specific heat ratio
What will be the speed of transverse
waves along a steel violin string that is 75.0
cm long and has a diameter of 0.500 mm
if a tension of 200 N is applied on the
string? The density of steel is 7800 kg/m
3

and its Youngs modulus is


20 x 10
10
N/m
2

One end of a clothesline is tied to a post and the
other is stretched with a tension of 150 N. The
clothesline is 4.00 m long and has a mass of 0.340 kg.
1. What is the mass per unit length of the
clothesline?
2. What is the speed of transverse waves on the
wire?
3. If the free end is pulled up and down at the rate of
30 times per second, what is the wavelength of
transverse waves on the string?
4. If the tension is increased to 300 N, what should
be the frequency so that waves produced on the
string have the same wavelength as the number 3?


assignment
A trumpet produces a sound wave that is
observed travelling at 350 m/s with a frequency of
1046.50 Hz. Calculate the wavelength of the
sound wave.
On your class wave machine, you have a string of
mass 350 g and length 2.3 m. You would like to
send a wave along this string at a speed of 50.0
m/s. What must the tension of the string be?

A long piece of piano wire of radius 0.4 mm is made of steel of
density 7.8 X 103 kg/m3 The wire is under a tension of 1.0 X 103 N.
What is the speed of transverse waves on this wire? What is the
wavelength of a wave on this wire if its frequency is 262 Hz?

SOLUTION: Consider a 1-m-long piece of this wire. The volume of this
piece is p X (0.4 X 10-3 m)2 X 1 m = 5.0 X 10-7 m3 and the mass is 5.0
X 10-7 m3 X 7.8 X 103 kg/m3 = 3.9 X 10-3 kg. Hence, the mass per
unit length of the wire is 3.9 X 10-3 kg/m. From Eq. (19), the wave
speed is then



Consequently, the wavelength is


http://www.lakeheadschools.ca/scvi_staff
/childs/Gr11_physics_web/downloadable
_content/unit8/Text8/phys11_8_4.pdf