Sec 19 Quality in Research & Development

QUALITY IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
1
INTRODUCTION
espective missions. To help distinguish among various types of research and develo
eering fields.
ific and engineering fields, or that creates useful concepts that can be subsequen
ces.
tended for sale or use. It includes the conceptual formulation, design, and testin
2
Sec 19 QUALITY IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
INTRODUCTION
nd/or services commensurate with the organization’s mission.
t” can refer to either goods or services. The products of the development process
athematical models, formulas, calculations, or the results from an experimental des
3
INTRODUCTION
lowcharts reflecting their processes’ major phases and “gates”. The flowchart in th
rganization redesigned its product development process from a sequential progress
4
DEFINING QUALITY FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
on with the features of the information, and the absence of deficiencies of the in
ework” or “scrap,” e.g., having to reissue a section of a progress report because of
5
DEFINING QUALITY FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
opment process will be defined as the extent to which the development process eff
de design changes necessitated by an outdated requirements package and partial re
6
PLANNING AND ORGANIZING FOR QUALITY IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
th developing and implementing quality initiatives within R&D environments. Hoope
ty initiative within research or development is to organize and develop an infras
7
organization structure, other elements of infrastructure required to perpetuate R
for improving the performance of research functions and development processes. To
8
ess.
tion has already accomplished.
its intended application. That is, is the measure intended to address customer sa
n together, they provide answers to the question: “Is the R&D organization meetin
9
OPERATIONAL QUALITY PLANNING FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
roduct design features, and develop process control required to ensure that the p
nd service) and that of the customer. From the perspective of manufacturing or ser
10
t to perform the specified function in the designated environment for a minimum l
o estimate the reliability of subsystems and systems.
11
ips among the system’s subsystems and their components must be understood. Gryna s
f their functional configurations and boundaries. This precise definition is aide
12
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
Functional block diagram Reliability block diagram
13
ycles. This detailed information makes it possible to perform a stress analysis,
der known operating and environmental conditions. Acquiring these data is a major
t types.
14
Availability
nd Improvement .
tes : The failure rate data obtained in step 4 or 5 are used to calculate failure
it of measure : This is the choice of the reliability index or indicators as lis
15
on, and equal hours of operation.
lure mode effect and criticality analysis (FMECA) and fault tree analysis (FTA). fa
16
ned. The differences are in the technological tools used for diagnosis and remedy.
by assisting in the development of alternatives. The following actions indicate s
17
y necessary to the user.

mance or weight.
n such a way that all the means must fail before the system fails.
he stresses the parts can normally withstand. Derating is one method that design e
18
ainability , and Availability
ion , Analysis , and Improvement .
that enable a product to handle unexpected environments.

onment to provide conditions that yield lower failure rates.
es to remove and replace low-reliability parts before they reach the wear-out stag
o detect infant-mortality failures and to eliminate substandard components.
pment to attain an improvement in the basic reliability of those components which
19
vailable on demand. Designers must therefore also address ease of preventive maint
om MIL-STD-721C (1981), summarizes 11 possible indexes for maintainability.
20
hen required for use. Availability is calculated as the ratio of operating time to
tenance time, and logistics time (time spent waiting for personnel, spare parts, e
nsic availability” (Ai ). Under certain conditions, “steady state” availability can
21
e which emerge from the various applicable analyses: the reliability block diagra
rawings, specifications, test procedures, standards, and inspection or test reports
2.
3.
4.
5.
22
Sec
3. 19 QUALITY IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
stomers’ requirements. To assure this, it is imperative to conduct actual tests on

2.
mental
3. stress factors. A key issue to address when introducing stress factors is
4.
esign
5. parameters. Many organizations call this process “failure reporting and corr
23
Sec
3. 19 QUALITY IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

Sec 19 Quality in Research & Development

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QUALITY IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

nd/or services commensurate with the organization’s mission.

athematical models, formulas, calculations, or the results from an experimental des

rganization redesigned its product development process from a sequential progress

ework” or “scrap,” e.g., having to reissue a section of a progress report because of

de design changes necessitated by an outdated requirements package and partial re

th developing and implementing quality initiatives within R&D environments. Hoope

ty initiative within research or development is to organize and develop an infras

organization structure, other elements of infrastructure required to perpetuate R

for improving the performance of research functions and development processes. To

t to perform the specified function in the designated environment for a minimum l

o estimate the reliability of subsystems and systems.

f their functional configurations and boundaries. This precise definition is aide

Functional block diagram Reliability block diagram

ycles. This detailed information makes it possible to perform a stress analysis,

on, and equal hours of operation.

by assisting in the development of alternatives. The following actions indicate s

y necessary to the user.

ainability , and Availability

ion , Analysis , and Improvement .

that enable a product to handle unexpected environments.

om MIL-STD-721C (1981), summarizes 11 possible indexes for maintainability.

stomers’ requirements. To assure this, it is imperative to conduct actual tests on

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