Women at the

Turn of the
Century

Melanie Klein
(March 30,
1882 –
September 22,
1960)

Marie Skłodowska–Curie
(7 November 1867 – 4 July 1934)
 Sophie Taeuber-Arp
[Swiss Abstract Painter,
1889-1943]

Maria Elena Vieira da Silva

[Portuguese-born French Abstract Painter,
1908-1992]
 Gabriele Munter
[German Expressionist Painter, 1877-1962]

Sonia Delaunay [Ukrainian-born

French Abstract Painter and
Designer, 1885-1979]
 Lotte Laserstein
[German Painter, 1898-1993]

Suzanne Valadon
[French Post-
Impressionist Painter,
1865-1938]
 Louise Dahl-Wolfe Berenice Abbott
[American [American Photographer,
Photographer, 1898-1991]
1895-1989]

Barbara Hepworth
[British Abstract Sculptor, 1903-1975]
 A SURREALIST MANIFESTO, Andre Breton, 1924
1. 1. We have nothing to do with literature; but we are quite capable, when necessary,
of making use of it like anyone else,
2. Surrealism is not a new means or expression, or an easier one, nor even a
metaphysic of poetry. It is a means of total liberation of the mind and of all that
resembles it.
3. We are determined to make a Revolution.
4. We have joined the word surrealism to the word revolution solely to show the
disinterested, detached, and even entirely desperate character of this revolution.
5. We make no claim to change the mores of mankind, but we intend to show the
fragility of thought, and on what shifting foundations, what caverns we have built our
trembling houses.
6. We hurl this formal warning to Society; Beware of your deviations and faux-pas,
we shall not miss a single one.
7. At each turn of its thought, Society will find us waiting.
8. We are specialists in Revolt. There is no means of action which we are not
capable, when necessary, of employing.
9. We say in particular to the Western world: surrealism exists. And what is this new
ism that is fastened to us? Surrealism is not a poetic form. It is a cry of the mind
turning back on itself, and it is determined to break apart its fetters, even if it must be
by material hammers!

Bureaus de Recherches Surrealistes,

15, Rue de Grenelle
Salvador Dali
[Spanish Surrealist Painter, 1904-
1989], Dream Caused by the Flight
of a Bee around a Pomegranate a
Second Before Awakening, 1944, Oil
on canvas, 51 × 40.5 cm, Thyssen-
Bornemisza Museum, Madrid
 Leonora Carrington
(b Clayten Green, nr Chorley, Lancs, 6 April 1917)

Women
Visual
Artists and
Surrealism

Self-Portrait, ca. 1937–38, Oil on canvas; 25 5/8 x 32 in., Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
Palatine Predella, 1946, 35.4 x 99.5cm, Ed.James Fdtn, priv. coll.
 Meret Oppenheim
(b Berlin, 6 Oct 1913; d Berne, 15 Nov 1985)

Man Ray, "Érotique voilée", 1933

Ma gouvernante, My Nurse, mein Kindermädchen
(1936; installation, Stockholm, Mod. Mus.)

Giacometti’s Ear
(reproduced in bronze in an
edition of two, 1959
Object (Le Déjeuner en fourrure), fur-lined cup, diam. 109 mm, saucer, diam. 237 mm,
spoon, l. 202 mm, overall, h. 73 mm, 1936 (New York, Museum of Modern Art)
Mourir la nuit, gouache and oil on
paper, 500×575 mm, 1953, Paris,
Pompidou, Musée National d’Art
Moderne
 (Magdalena Carmen) Frida Kahlo (y Calderón)
(b Mexico City, 6 July 1907; d Mexico City, 13 July 1954)

Henry Ford Hospital,

1932, Oil on metal
12 1/4 x 15 1/2 in,
Collection Dolores
Olmedo Foundation,
Mexico City
 Self-Portrait. 1929. Oil on masonite,
79.4 x 70 cm Private collection

Self-Portrait, 1926, Oil on canvas, 31 x 23 in

Private collection, Mexico City
 Viva la vida. 1954. Oil on masonite.
59 x 50.7 cm. Frida Kahlo Museum,
Mexico City, Mexico

Marxism Will Give Health to the Sick

mk104 1953-54 Oil on masonite 30x24in,
Mexico City, Mus. Kahlo
 The Two Fridas 1939. Oil on canvas
68 x 68 in. (173 x 173 cm) Museo de Arte
Moderno, Mexico City

Frieda and Diego Rivera, 1931, Oil on canvas;

39-3/8 x 31 inches, San Francisco MOMA
The Broken Column. 1944.
Oil on Masonite. 38.6 x 31 cm
Dolores Olmedo Foundation,
Mexico City, Mexico
 Dorothea Tanning
(b Galesburg, IL, 25 Aug 1910)

Eine Kleine
Nachtmusik, 1943.
Oil on canvas. 16
1/8 x 24 in. Tate
Gallery, London
Birthday, 1942, oil on canvas, 102cm x 65cm,
N.Y.

A Mi-Voix 1958, Oil on canvas

1302 x 972 mm, Tate
La Table Tragique (1974; installation, Paris, Pompidou)

Revelation at the End of the Month

cloth,1973
 Leonor Fini
(b Buenos Aires, 30 Aug 1908; d
Paris, 18 Jan 1996)

Ange d'Anatomie, Lithograph

30” x 22”
 Les Deux Soeurs Jeleaux,
1976 Silkscreen Edition of
275

L'Entre duex
Oil on Canvas
28.5" x 45"
1967
 (Study for Monsieur Venus)
1972
Pen and Ink Drawing
13" x 10"
1948

Rasch, Rasch,
Rasch . . . Mein
puppen warten,
1975, Oil on Canvas
 Eileen Agar
(b Buenos Aires, 1 Dec 1899; d London, 17 Nov 1991)

Angel of Anarchy 1936-40

Textiles over plaster and mixed media
520 x 317 x 336 mm
Tate
The Reaper 1938
Gouache and mixed media on paper
210 x 275 mm, Tate
Mixed media
420 x 340 x 230 mm, Tate
[Marie Čermínová] Toyen
(b Prague, 21 Sept 1902;
d Paris, 9 Nov 1980)
The Shooting Gallery (Srp 193),
Lithograph after a drawing, 1939-1940.

Untitled
double sided collage on paper,
circa 1960, 31 x 21 cm,
Gallery de la Ville de Prague
 Louise Bourgeois
(b Paris, 25 Dec 1911)

He Disappeared into Complete Silence

1947
Suite of nine engravings with text
Courtesy Cheim & Read, Galerie Karsten
Greve and Galerie Hauser & Wirth
 Cumul I, 1968. Marble, wood plinth 20 1/16 x
50 x 48 1/16 inches (51 x 127 x 122 cm)
Fonds National d’art contemporain,
Pompidou, Paris

'The Destruction of the Father',

1974
Plaster, latex, wood and fabric,
237.8 x 362.3 x 248.6cms