PRESENTATION ON:

UNIFIED POWER FLOW CONTROLLER

GROUP MEMBER:
CHANDNI SHARMA
DEEPANK GUPTA
DIKSHA TIWARI
Introduction:
Upfc concept was proposed by Gyugyi in 1991
Upfc is a combination of static synchronous compensator (statcom) and a static
synchronous series compensator (sssc) which are coupled via a dc link,to allow
bidirectional flow of real power between the series output terminals of the sssc and
the shunt output terminals of the statconm,and are controlled to provid concurrent
real and reactive power series line compensation without an external electric energy
source
Basic Operating Principle:
UPFC is generalized synchronous voltage source(SVS),represented at the
fundamental frequency by voltage phasor Vpq with controllable magnitude
Vpq(0VpqVpqmax) and angle (02) in series with the transmission line
In functionally unrestricted operation which clearly includes voltage and angle
regulation , the SVS generally exchanges both reactive and real power with the
transmission system
SVS is able to generate only reactive power exchanged , the real power must be
supplied to it , or absorb from it by a suitable power supply or sink
In UPFC arrangement the real power exchanged is provided by one of the end buses
Vseff=Vpq+Vs
The UPFC consists of two voltage sourced converters . These back to back
convertors labelled convertor 1 and convertor 2 are operated from a common dc link
provided by a dc storage capacitor
This arrangement functions as an ideal ac to ac power convertor in which the real
power can freely flow in either direction between the ac terminals of the two
convertors and each convertor can independently generate reactive power at its own
ac output terminals
Convertor 2 provides the main function of the UPFC by injectin g a voltage Vpq
with controllable magnitude Vpq and phase angle in series with the line via an
insertion transformer
The basic function of convertor 1 is to supply or absorb the real power demanded
by converter 2 at the common dc link to support the real power exchange resulting
from the series voltage injection.
Basic power flow control function of UPFC are:
Voltage regulation
Series reactive compensation or line impedance compensation
Phase angle regulatormultifunction power flow control

a)Voltage regulation:

Voltage regulation with continuously variable in
phase/antiphase voltage injection for voltage in elements
Vpq=V
Voltage can be increased or decreased at a particular point
(b) Series reactive compensation or line
impedance compensation:
In this Vpq=Vq is injected in quadrature with the line current I
We can change the value of the reactance of the line so that we
can change the reactive power flow in the line we make
Vpq=Vq=90 to the line current that will be same as if we are
increasing or decreasing the reactance of the line ie we can add a
voltage either at +90or -90to the line current we can vary the
Vq also
(c) Phase angle regulator:
In this Vpq=V is injected with an angular relationship
with respect to Vs that achieves the desired phase shift
without any change in the magnitude
By changing the phase angle of the voltages magnitude of
the voltage remains constant
By changing the phase angle we can control the real
power flow of the line more effectively
(d) Multifunction power flow control:
It can be achieved by combining all the three
characteristics.Multifunction power flow control executed by
simultaneous terminal voltage regulation,series capacitive line
compensation and phase shifting where Vpq=V+Vq+V
This functional capabiltity is unique to the UPFC. No single
conventional equipment has similar multifunctional capability
Control structure of UPFC
The control of the UPFC is based upon the vector control approach
The UPFC control system is divided functionally into
Internal Control
Functional Operation Control
BASIC UPFC CONTROL SCHEME
The internal controls operates the two converters so as to produce the comanded
series injected voltage and simultaneously draw the desired shunt reactive current
The internal controls provide gating signals to the convertor values so that the
converter output voltages will properly respond to the internal reference variables
i
qnet
,i
pnet
,Vpnet
The series compensator responds directly and independently to the demand for
series voltage vector injection
In contrast the shunt converter operates under closed loop current control structure
whereby the shunt real and reactive power components are independently controlled
The shunt reactive power responds directly to an input demand
The closed loop for the shunt real power ensures the required real power balance
between the two converters
OVERAL UPFC CONTROL STRUCTURE
The control and functional operation control defines the functional operating mode
of the UPFC and is responsible for generating the internal reference Vpq and i
qref
for
the series and shunt compensation to meet the prevailing demands of the transmission
system
The functional operating modes and compensation demands reprsented by external
reference inputs can be set manually by the operator or dictated by an automatic
system
Applications:
UPFC may be required whenever the problems of voltage and power flow are
present. The planning studies are required to determine the need of UPFC [1]

Increase transient stability of the system. The UPFC allows a secondary but important
function such as stability control to suppress power system oscillations improving the
transient stability of power system.[2]

Reference:
1) 1-FACTS controllers in power transmission and distribution by K. R. Padiyar
2) Application of UPFC to Increase Transient Stability of Inter-Area Power System