MANAGEMENT AS A SCIENCE

* The existence of a systematic body of knowledge

with array of principles.

* Based on scientific enquiry.

* Principle should be verifiable.

* Reliable basis for predicting future events.

MANAGEMENT AS AN ART

* Management process involves the use of

practical knowledge and personal skill.

* Management is creative.

* Application of practical knowledge & certain

skills helps to achieve concrete results.

* Management is both-science & an art.

HENRY FAYOL’S CONTRIBUTION
* Henry Fayol, a French industrialist concentrated on
the administrative aspect of scientific management.

 Division of work:
Work should be divided in proper
way with reference to the available
time.
 Authority:
It is the power given to a person to get
work from his subordinates.
 Responsibility:
It is the kind &Amount of work
expected of from a man by his superior.
 Discipline:
Discipline is very essential for
the smooth running of organisation.
 Unity of command:
An employee must
receive orders & instruction from one
supervisor only.
 Unity of Direction:
It signifies each group
of activities having the same objective must
have one head & one plan.
 Subordination of individual interest to
general interest:
Every employee is working in
an organization & his interest is to earn
money to meet his personal needs.
 Remuneration of personnel:
It should be fair for both the employees &
employers. The wage payment systems should
satisfy the employees.
 Centralization:
The organisation is centralized when the
power is concentrated with one person.
 Scalar chain:
Scalar chain principle state that
instruction & orders should be sent from the top
management to the lower management.
 Order:
Materials order: “A Place for every thing &
everything in its place”.
Social order: “A Place for everyone & everyone in
place”
 Equity:
Equity refers to the treatment of employees
equally. Equal treatment of the employees helps to
achieve organisational goals.
 Stability of staff:
A high employee turnover rate is not
good for the efficient functioning of any organisation.
 Initiative:
It is concerned with thinking & execution of
a plan.
 Esprit Decorps:
This means union is strength. In
organisation employees should be harmony & unity.
Its improves employee moral.
MANAGEMENT LEVELS
Top level management:

* To formulate goals &

policies of the company.

* To formulate Budgets.

* To appoint top executives.

* To decide the distribution of profit.

MIDDLE LEVEL MANAGEMENT

* To monitor & control the operating

performance.

* To train motivate & develop supervisory

level.

* To co-ordinate among themselves so as

integrate the various activities of a
department.
LOW LEVEL MANAGEMENT
* To train and develop the efficiency
of the workers.

* To assign job to workers.

* To give orders and instructions.

* To report feedback information

about workers.
MANAGERIAL SKILLS
 TECHNICAL SKILL:
* It refer to the ability to the tools
equipment, produces & techniques.

 HUMAN SKILL:
* It refer to the ability of the
manager to work effectively.

 CONCEPTUAL SKILL:
* This skill also called design & problem.
solving skill involves the ability.
MANAGERIAL ROLES
 INTERPERSONAL ROLES:
* Figure Head Role.
* Leader.
* Liaison.
 INFORMATION ROLES:
* Monitor.
* Disseminator.
* Spokes person.
 DECISION ROLES:
* Entrepreneur.
* Disturbance handler.
*Resource Allocator.
*Negotiator.
FUNCTION OF MANAGEMENT
* Planning.

* Organising.

* Staffing.

* Directing

* Controlling.

* Budgeting.
CONCLUSSION

ART IS LONG

&

LIFE IS SHORT