Gardners

EIGHT INTELLIGENCES
Howard Gardners theory
Howard Gardner defines intelligence as "the
capacity to solve problems or to fashion products
that are valued in one or more cultural setting"
(Gardner & Hatch, 1989). Using biological as well
as cultural research, he formulated a list of seven
intelligences. This new outlook on intelligence
differs greatly from the traditional view that
usually recognizes only two intelligences, verbal
and mathematical.
Who is Howard Gardner?
Howard Gardner is a psychologist and Professor
at Harvard University's Graduate School of
Education.
Based on his study of many people, Gardner
developed the theory of multiple intelligences.
Gardner defines intelligence as ability to solve
problems or to create products which are valued in
one or more cultural settings.
According to Gardner, 8 different types of
intelligence are displayed by humans.
Gardners Intelligences:
Logical-Mathematical
Intelligence
Linguistic Intelligence
Spatial Intelligence
Musical Intelligence
Bodily-Kinesthetic
Intelligence
Interpersonal Intelligence
Intrapersonal Intelligence
Naturalist Intelligence

Logical-Mathematical
Intelligence
consists of the ability to:
detect patterns
reason deductively
think logically
This intelligence is most often associated
with scientific and mathematical thinking.
Famous examples: Albert Einstein, John Dewey.

involves having a mastery of
language
This intelligence includes the
ability to effectively manipulate
language to express oneself
rhetorically or poetically.
It also allows one to use language
as a means to remember information.
Famous examples: Charles Dickens, Abraham Lincoln, T.S. Eliot, Sir Winston
Churchill.

gives one the ability to manipulate
and create mental images in order to
solve problems.
This intelligence is not limited to
visual domains--Gardner notes that
spatial intelligence is also formed in
blind children.
Famous examples: Picasso, Frank Lloyd Wright

encompasses the capability to recognize and
compose musical pitches, tones, and rhythms.

(Auditory functions are required for a person to
develop this intelligence in relation to pitch
and tone, but these functions would not be
needed for the knowledge of rhythm.)
Famous examples: Mozart, Leonard Bernstein, Ray Charles.
Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence
is the ability to use one's mental abilities to coordinate one's
own bodily movements. This intelligence challenges the popular
belief that mental and physical activity are unrelated.
The ability to use your body skillfully to solve problems, create
products or present ideas and emotions.
An ability obviously displayed for athletic pursuits, dancing,
acting, artistically, or in building and construction.
You can include surgeons in this category but many people who
are physically talented"good with their hands"don't recognize
that this form of intelligence is of equal value to the other
intelligences.

Famous examples: Charlie Chaplin, Michael Jordan.
Interpersonal Intelligence
The ability to work effectively with others
to relate to other people
display empathy and understanding
notice their motivations and goals.
This is a vital human intelligence displayed by good
teachers, facilitators, therapists, politicians, religious
leaders and sales people.
Famous examples: Gandhi, Ronald Reagan, Mother Teresa, Oprah Winfrey.


The ability for self-analysis and reflectionto be able to:
quietly contemplate and assess one's accomplishments
review one's behavior and innermost feelings
make plans and set goals
know oneself

Philosophers, counselors, and many peak performers in all fields
of endeavor have this form of intelligence.

Famous examples: Freud, Eleanor Roosevelt, Plato.

Naturalist intelligence
designates the human ability to discriminate among living things
(plants, animals) as well as sensitivity to other features of the
natural world (clouds, rock configurations).
to make distinctions in the natural world and to use this
ability productivelyfor example in hunting, farming, or
biological science.
Farmers, botanists, conservationists, biologists, environmentalists
would all display aspects of the intelligence.
Famous examples: Charles Darwin, Rachel Carson.

Can we be more than one?
Yes!

Although the intelligences are anatomically separated from each other,
Gardner claims that the eight intelligences very rarely operate
independently.
Rather, the intelligences are used concurrently and typically complement each
other as individuals develop skills or solve problems.

For example, a dancer can excel in his art only if he/she has
strong musical intelligence to understand the rhythm and variations of the music

bodily-kinesthetic intelligence to provide him with the agility and coordination to
complete the movements successfully

interpersonal intelligence to understand how he can inspire or emotionally move his
audience through his movements
The End.