environment. A substance, though normally absent in the environment, but in sufficient concentration can adversely affect living organisms. Pollution Contaminant waste material that pollutes air, water or soil 1. Chemical Nature Pollutant Factors that determine severity: 2. Concentration 3. Persistence 1. Horizontal Pollutant Zones of influence: 2. Vertical a. Local b. Regional a. Surface b. Global Types of Pollution 1. Natural 2. Anthropogenic (Man-Made) Natural Anthropogenic Air 1. Primary Air Pollution 2. Secondary 1. SO x and NO x Air Pollution 2. CO Pollutants 3. VOC 4. Particulates 1. Outdoor Air Pollution 2. Indoor Thermal I nversion Anthropogenic Air Water USES OF WATER WATER POLLUTI ON VS. MARI NE POLLUTI ON POI NT SOURCE VS. NONPOI NT SOURCE NONPOINT SOURCES Urban streets Suburban developmen t Wastewater treatment plant Rural homes Cropland Factory Animal feedlot POINT SOURCES Chemicals and other Contaminants: 1. Organic 2. Inorganic 3. Macroscopic pollution Anthropogenic Air Water Land Solid Waste Solid Waste Population Garbage 1. Open Dumps Different Methods of Disposal 2. Ocean Dumping 3. Exporting 4. Burning 5. Landfill Incinerators Sanitary Landfill The Three Rs 1. Reduce 2. Reuse 3. Recycle Anthropogenic Air Water Land Solid Waste Other Types 1. Light 2. Visual 3. Noise NOI SE ??? UNWANTED SOUND Unwanted sound that disrupts quality of life. NOI SE POLLUTI ON TYPES 1. Community/Environmental 2. Occupational COMMUNI TY COMMUNI TY COMMUNI TY Occupational EFFECTS 1. Deafness 2. Decreased efficiency 3. Stress PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 856 December 23, 1975 CODE ON SANITATION Section 46 Responsibility of the Secretary h. Promulgate control measures to reduce noise pollution. Section 47 Responsibilities of the employer and employees a. Employer responsibility 4. Adopt measures so that the noise produced is within allowable limits so as not to affect neighboring offices, buildings or establishments Section 48 Environmental provisions d. Noise - Control measures shall be provided to reduce intensity of noise sufficiently to render it harmless to workers and to eliminate it at its source as a nuisance by following recommendations of the local health or other government authority. Section 85 Types of Nuisances g. Excessive noise Section 88 Authority of the Secretary. - The Secretary is authorized to promulgate rules and regulations for the control and prevention of the following types of pollution: d. Noise pollution caused by industry, land and air transports and building construction