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Helpful Examinations:
Clinical test;
Ultrasonography
Differential diagnosis of pregnancy:
Myomas;
Ovarian tumor
Other examinations:
fetal lie ;
fetal presentation ;
fetal position
Lecturer: Liu Wenhui
Sophie liu
The Department of Gynecology &
Obstetrics in Zhongnan Hospital
Early pregnancy
third trimester
Introduction
Contents
History
Physical examination
Laboratory tests
Advice to paients
Tests & precedures
Nutrition in pregnancy
History
Age ,ethnic background,occupation
Onset of LMP and its normality,possible conception dates,bleeding
after LMP,medical history,all prior
pregnancies(duration,outcome,and complications),symptoms of
present pregnancy
Use of drugs, alcohol,tobacco,caffeine,nutritional habits
Family history of congenital anomalies and heritable disease
History of childhood varicella
Prior STDs or risks for HIV infection
How to describe a woman’s gravidity
para x+y
x is the number of babies delivered (include
live birth, stillbirth)
y is the number of pregnancies the woman
has had(include ectopic pregnancies and
abortions prior to 24 weeks gestation)
孕 2 产 0 孕 38W 待产 (Chinese)
Physical examination
Height,weight,blood pressure,general physical
examination
Abdominal and pelvic examination:
1.estimate uterine size or measure fundal height
2.evaluate bony pelvis for symmetry and
adequancy
3.evaluate cervix for structural
anatomy,infection,effacement,dilation
4.detect fetal heart sounds by Doppler device
after 10 weeks
Laboratory tests
■ Urinalysis,complete blood count(RBC
HGB,WBC,PLT),blood group,RH
type,atypical antibody screening,HbsAg
evaluation,ALT,AST,etc.
■ HIV screening,cervical Pap smear
Advice to patients
■ prenatal visits
maintain a schedule of regular
prenatal visits:
0-28weeks every 4 weeks
28-36weeks every 2 weeks
36weeks on weekly
■ Diet
1.eat a balanced diet containing the major food
groups
2.take prenatal vatamins with iron and folic acid
3. expect to gain 10-15Kg. Do not diet to lose
weight during pregnancy
4.decrease caffeine intake to 0-1 cup of coffe
,tea, or cola daily
5.avoid eat raw or rare meat
6.eat fresh fruits and vegetables and wash them
before eating
medication
Do not take medications
unless prescribed or
authorized by physician
Abstain from
alcohol,tabacoo,and all
recreational drugs
Common drugs that are
teratogenic or fetotoxic
Alcohol
androgen
Estrogen
misoprostol
ribavirin
Tobacco smoking
progestins
■X –Rays and noxious
exposures
1.Avoid x-rays
2.inform physicians
3. Avoid chemical or radiation
hazards
4. Avoid handling cat and dog
■ Rest and activity
1.obtain adequate rest each day
2.abstain from strenous physical
work or activity
3. exercise regularly
4. Avoid exhausting or hazardous
exercise
■ Birth classes
enroll in a childbirth
preparation class well
before due date
Tests & procedures
Each vist:
weight,blood pressure, fundal
height,fetal heart rate, urine
specimen for protein and glucose,
health ,and nutrition
6-12weeks
Fetal ultrasound
examination to show
fetal anatomy in
greater detail
16-20weeks
24-28 weeks
Screening for GDM(gestational
diabete mellitus)by a 50g glucose load
or OGTT
28-36 weeks
balanced nutrient
weight normal
the healthy mum give birth to a
healthy baby
Combining Forms
Combining Form meaning Terminology Meaning
amni/o amnion amniocentesis
amniotic fluid
Produced by fetal membranes and the fetus.
cervic/o cervix,neck endocervicitis
chori/o chorion choriogenesis
chorion/o chorionic
colp/o vagina colporrhaphy
colposcopy
culd/o cul-de-sac culdocentesis
Placement of a needle through the posterior wall of the vagina
with withdrawal of fluid for diagnostic purposes.
Combining Form meaning Terminology Meaning
men/o menses, amenorrhea
oligomenorrhea
—— 原香港中文大学校长金耀基