Structural behavior of Reinforced

Concrete (RC) beams using stainless

slag as fine aggregates
Presented by
Madeira Branco Leandro
Yamaguchi University
1
Government through to
Minister of environment
prohibited extend exploration
of sea sand in Seto inland sea
2
Research background
Environmental problem due
to issue of discharge
industrial waste material
Use stainless slag as an
alternative fine aggregate
Study of RC beams containing
stainless slag as fine aggregate
3
Description RC beams material
Table 1. Description of concrete material
Material
Density
(g/cm
3
)
Water
absorption (%)
FM

G max
(mm)
Stainless slag (NSS) 3.08 1.53 2.95
Sea sand (S) 2.57 1.62 2.85
Ordinary Cement (C) 3.15 -
Crushed gravel (G) 2.70 1.00 20
Water (W) 1.00
AE (Frolich SV) 1 % of total Cement
Table 2. Description of reinforcement
Type
Elastic
Modulus
Yielding
strength
Area
(mm
2
) Remark
(kN/mm
2
) (N/mm
2
)
6 120 388 63.67 stirrup
D 16 200 350 397.2 tendon
4
RC description and testing method
P/2 P/2
5
Description mix proportion
Table 3. Mix proportion of concrete

Type

W/
C
Material (kg/m
3
) Slump
Design
(cm)
Slump
Measu
red
(cm)
Air
content
Design
(%)
Air
content
Measure
d (%)

W

C

NSS

S

G

AE
Slag 0 % 28
days
50 170 340 0 696 1097 3.40
122
12
4.51.5
3.5
Slag 60 %
28 days
50 170 340 500 278 1097 3.40 10.5 3.8
Slag 0 % 91
days
50 170 340 0 696 1097 3.40 10 3.5
Slag 60 %
91 days
50 170 340 500 278 1097 3.40 10 3.5
Progress of curing, testing and result
6
Table 4. Mechanical property of plain concrete
Slag
(%)
28 days 91 days
f
c
(N/mm
2
) F
t
(N/mm
2
) E (kN/mm
2
) f
c
(N/mm
2
) F
t
(N/mm
2
) E (kN/mm
2
)
0 32.3 2.70 37 45.4 3.17 40
60 34.3 2.56 40 46.3 3.72 41
7
Result of concrete and RC beams strength
Table 5. Ultimate strength of RC beams
Slag
Calculation Experiment
Note
28 day 91 days 28 day 91 days
Mu
(kN.m)
Vc
(kN)
Vu
(kN)
Mu
(kN.m)
Vc
(kN)
Vu
(kN)
P max
(kN)
Mu
(kN.m)
SF
(kN)
Pmax
(kN)
Mu
(kN.m)
SF
(kN)
0% 20.11
32.61 20.81 36.56
79.38
19.85 39.69
86.06
21.81 43.03
Without
Stirrup
53.36 57.31
79.97
19.99 39.98
82.78
20.70 41.39
With
Stirrups
60% 20.26
33.28 20.84 36.78
86.24
21.56 42.88
-
- -
Without
Stirrup
54.03 57.53
87.51
21.88 43.76
88.28
22.07 44.14
With
Stirrups
8
Crack Pattern at ultimate load
Slag
(%)

W/
C
stirru
ps

28 days

91 days

0

50

No

0

50

Yes

60

50

No

60

50

Yes
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 2 4 6 8 10
L
o
a
d

(
k
N
)

Deflection (mm)
28 days 0 % slag
28 days 60 % slag
91 days 0 % slag
91 days 60 % slag
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 2 4 6 8 10
L
o
a
d

(
k
N
)

Deflection (mm)
28 days 0% slag
28 days 60 % Slag
91 day 0 % slag
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 2000 4000 6000 8000
M
/
b
d
f
c
x
1
0
-
3

Strain (x10^-6)
0 % slag 28 days
60 % slag 28 days
0 % slag 91 days
60 % slag 91 days
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 2000 4000 6000 8000
M
/
b
d
f
c
x
1
0
-
3

Strain (x10^-6)
0 % slag 28 day
60 % slag 28 days
0 % slag 91 days
Result of RC beams
With stirrups
9
Without stirrups
Without stirrups With stirrups
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4
L
o
a
d

(
k
N
)

Crack width (mm)
0 % slag 28 days
60 % slag 28 days
0 % slag 91 days
60 % slag 91 days 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4
L
o
a
d

(
k
N
)

Crack width (mm)
0 % slag 28 days
60 % slag 28 days
0 % slag 91 days
Result Cont......
With stirrups 10
Without stirrups
Ultimate strength of each RC beam using stainless
slag shows slightly larger than those without
stainless slag at age 28 and 91 days.
RC beams using stainless slag have slightly large
level of ductility compared to those without using
stainless slag at ultimate load.
Crack pattern of RC beam containing stainless
slag is similar to normal RC beams
Stainless slag can be used as fine aggregate in the
concrete structure
11
Conclusion
12
Thank you very much for your
attention