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E-Business Practice

NOVEMBER 2001
COGNOS BI TOOLS
COMPLETE TRAINING COURSE
COGNOS BI PRODUCTS

TATA CONSULTANCY SERVICES
SEEPZ, Mumbai
E-Business Practice
NOVEMBER 2001
COGNOS BI TOOLS
Agenda
OLAP Terminology
Start/Stop Cognos Services
Cognos Components
Features Of Cognos Tools
Architect
Impromptu
Transformer
PowerPlay Client
Administration Components
Ad-hoc queries
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OLAP Terminology
OLAP (Online Analytical Processing)
OLAP functionality is characterised by dynamic,
multidimensional analysis of historical data. OLAP tools can
run against a multidimensional database or interact directly
with a relational database
Database Cubes
Multidimensional representation of data reflecting the dimensions
and measures that are stored in the Datawarehouse
Web Server
A web server integrated with Windows NT Server makes it easy
to publish information and bring business applications to the Web





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OLAP Terminology
Hierarchy
A logical structure that uses ordered levels as a means of
organising data. A hierarchy can be used to define data
aggregation; for example, in a Time dimension, a hierarchy
might be used to aggregate data from the Month level to
the Quarter level to the Year level
Level
A position in a hierarchy. For example, a Time dimension has
Month, Quarter, and Year levels
Drill Down/Up
Drill down is a feature provided by Cognos to view the data
to subsequent details, depending on the hierarchy specified.
Conversely, drill up would summarise the data and take a user
to the higher levels in a hierarchy
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OLAP Terminology
Cognos Query
The web-based application provides facilities to query the
Datawarehouse directly from within an Internet browser
PowerPlay Web
The front-end web interface to view the multidimensional cubes.
Cognos Upfront
The user interface that provides facilities to publish, search,
organise and view Cognos reports and queries on the Web. Upfront
is used with PowerPlay Web and Cognos Query to organise and
share business information
LDAP Server (Netscape Directory Server)
The security information for the cubes and reports is stored in the
authentication source i.e. a namespace in the LDAP (Netscape
Directory Server)
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OLAP Terminology
PowerPlay Client
This facilitates the user to perform more advanced OLAP analysis.
Each PowerPlay report is associated with the cube, which allows
the user to view the dimensions and measures

Impromptu
This facilitates the user to perform adhoc querying on the client.

Catalog
A Catalog is an Impromptu file (*.cat) that contains the
information for users to access data in a meaningful and controlled
way. It contains the metadata associated with the database
structures and is a bridge between the source data and the user
E-Business Practice
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COGNOS BI TOOLS
PowerPlay Enterprise Server

Start the Server
Run start_ppsrv.sh
Check to see if server has started.
ps -ef |grep ppserver

Stop the Server
Run stop_ppsrv.sh

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PowerPlay Transformation Server

Start the Server
Run netpgrc
Check to see if server has started
ps -ef |grep netd

Stop the Server
kill -9 <Process Number of netd process>

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COGNOS Components

Enterprise Server
Dispatcher (Receives PowerPlay requests either directly from
a Windows NT client or from the gateway for a Web client)
Query / Report Processor (Handles requests and generates
results for PowerPlay Web Explorer and PowerPlay for
Windows NT)

Transformation Server
Transformer on Unix/NT (Performs the extraction and
transformation of Datawarehouse data into multidimensional
cubes)
PowerGrid (Provides basic networking services between
Cognos client-server applications)
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COGNOS Components

Upfront (Includes Data Store, Server and Gateway)
Cognos Query (Includes Data Store, Server and Gateway)
Enterprise Server Gateway

Typical Installation for the Power User
PowerPlay Client
Impromptu User

Typical Installation for the Power/Normal User
Internet Explorer 5.0
SQLPLUS 3.0 and NET 8.0
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COGNOS Components
Administration Components
Upfront Server Administration
Cognos Query Server Administration
Enterprise Server Administration
Access Manager Administration
Access Manager Configuration
Ticket Server Administration
Architect
Transformer (Client Component)
Impromptu Administrator
SQLPLUS and NET 8.0

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Features of Cognos Tools

Cognos Upfront
Publish and view information easily
(Publish and view documents and files organised into multiple
NewsBoxes, or subject matter categories)
Access information centrally
(Access all available information centrally through the Upfront
Web portal)
Collaborate with other users
(Share your analyses and reports easily and effectively with
other users)
View information the way you want
(Upfront can be customised to suit the needs of the users)
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Features of Cognos Tools
Cognos Query
Powerful ad hoc navigation and exploration
(Web-based tool for data navigation and exploration. Explore data
to obtain answers to business questions)
Intuitive, easy-to-use web browser interface
(Access the powerful ad hoc functionality of Cognos Query
without installing or configuring anything on your desktop system)
Create or modify queries to suit individual business requirements
(Create a query online, Save the query, Amend the query)
Complete integration to complement any Cognos BI tool
(Integration allows you to move seamlessly from any report,
analysis, or query)
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Features of Cognos Tools

Cognos PowerPlay Web
User Interface
(Nested crosstabs, charts, filters, calculations, sorting, slice and dice,
and drill down)
Export features
(Export to csv , pdf file formats)
Security
(Specifying viewing, modification and publishing rights by User
Class for every NewsBox in Upfront)
OLAP Reporting
(Integration allows you to move seamlessly from any report,
analysis, or query)
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Features of Cognos Tools

Cognos PowerPlay client
Reporting Interface
(Users can create standard and ad hoc reports quickly and easily by
using the PowerPlay client)
Advanced features
(Users can easily refine reports and reporting applications contents
to suit their individual requirements)
Multidimensional features
(slice and dice, drill down/up)
Two modes for analysis
(Two separate modes : Explorer and Reporter)
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Features of Cognos Tools
Cognos Impromptu (For the Power User)
Query and Reporting Interface
(Users can create standard and ad hoc reports quickly and easily by
using the Impromptu Report Wizard)
Advanced Standard Reporting
(Users can easily refine reports and reporting applications contents
to suit their individual requirements)
Auditing Options
(Track and capture usage and performance information)
Reporting Options
(Flexibility to add or delete columns, change the layout, apply a
template)
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ARCHITECT
Architect
Architect Interface
Data Access Layer
Import Metadata
Business Layer
Table Joins
Package Layer
Security
Publish to Upfront
Publish to Impromptu Catalog
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COGNOS Architect
Architect is a metadata management tool that
provides a single point of administration for
business models that you can share between all
your Cognos reporting and analytical products

Architect is a custom component of the Impromptu
Administrator, PowerPlay Transformation
Server, and Cognos Query installations
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Architect Interface
Data Access


Business


Package


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Data Access Layer
The data access layer contains the metadata that
describes how to retrieve data from the physical
environment.

Tables, columns, joins, and other database
objects are to be included
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Select or create a logical database
Insert Database Connection

Import Metadata
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Select the database items

Import Metadata
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View the log file
Architect creates a log file and records information
to it when you import metadata, build the
model layers, export a package as an Impromptu
Catalog, and create subjects

The log file records how Architect handles each
object during these operations, and it records any
problems

Default Location :- Root of the directory in which
Architect is installed.
Name :- Architect.log
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Business Layer
The business layer describes the business view of the
corporate data as well as the information that your
report authors and query designers require

It consists of
Business model (entities,attributes, and relationships),
which you can view as an entity-relationship diagram
Business rules (calculations, filters, and prompts)
Display rules (styles)

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Business Layer
Architect generates the basic business layer from
the objects in the data access layer
The tables and other objects become entities, and
columns become attributes
Other objects in the data access layer, such as keys
and joins, are used to generate the equivalent objects
in the business layer
You can modify the business layer to reflect your
users reporting and querying requirements
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Choose Build Architect Model from
Model menu
Select build of basic business layer
Deselect build of package layer
Click Build the Architect Model
Give business names in Business Layer by
right clicking the entity to be renamed


Business Layer
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Select Show Diagram from Diagram menu

Table Joins
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Create joins between fact tables and dimensions
Define cardinality for joins between measure and
dimensions

Table Joins
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Table Joins
Joins in the data access layer define the links between
tables (and other objects, such as views and synonyms)
When you import metadata, Architect gathers all
available information about tables and keys, and uses
declared referential integrity to form table joins
Architect stores this information in the data access layer
and uses it to generate relationships in the business layer

Note : After the joins are generated, you should inspect
them, and delete any incorrect or unwanted joins.


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NOVEMBER 2001
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Package Layer
The package layer contains packages that
describe subsets of the business layer

Each package may be targeted for one or
more Cognos tools (PowerPlay Transformer,
Impromptu, and Cognos Query)
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Package Layer
A package contains all the information from the
business layer that a specific user (or group of
users) will need to create cubes in PowerPlay
Transformer, or reports in Impromptu and Cognos
Query
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Package Layer
A package can contain subjects, which are based on
entities, and subject items

Note :
The subject folders in the Architect package are
present in the Impromptu Catalog
The subject folders on the Architect package are not
present in the package published to Upfront for
Cognos Query
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Insert a new package by choosing Insert
Package from right mouse pop up menu in
package window
Specify package name
Check the target application for which the
Package is targeted viz.. PowerPlay
Transformer, Cognos Query and Impromptu.
Select entities from the list box listing all
entities that were in Business layer
Package Layer
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Set up security by choosing Set up Model
security item from model menu
Verify the model

Security
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Right click on the Package to be exported
Select Publish to Upfront
Uncheck Publish subjects as NewsItems

Publish to Upfront
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Publish to Impromptu Catalog
Right click on the Package to be
exported
Select Export to Impromptu Catalog
The following message will be displayed


Click on Yes to verify the model and
check if there are any errors


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Publish to Impromptu Catalog
The following message will be displayed


If there are any errors in the package,
they will be listed


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Publish to Impromptu Catalog
Choose the location where the Impromptu
Catalog is to be saved
Enter the name of the Impromptu Catalog


Note :- Default extension of the Impromptu
Catalog is .cat


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IMPROMPTU
Impromptu
What is Impromptu
Impromptu Catalog, Catalog folders
Create reports - Impromptu Query Definition
Create a new Catalog
Impromptu features

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What is Impromptu
Impromptu is a reporting tool which is used
to query information without programming
complexities
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A Catalog is a file which provides a bridge between
you and your data

Catalog consists of
Folders (groups of information)
Columns (data items)
Calculations (expressions computing required results)
Conditions (filters to display relevant information)
Prompts (pre-determined criteria)

Impromptu Catalog
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Open Impromptu catalog <filename>.cat
Check the tables and joins from the catalog

Open the Catalog
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Catalog Folders shows contents of catalog
The catalog list includes all the folders,
columns, conditions and calculations available
in the catalog
Catalog Folders
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Create report - Choose the template
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Click OK to see the tables and columns
Select columns and click Add-> arrow
Create report - Impromptu Query Definition
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Dimension Query
Select the required columns from each dimension
table based on the levels in dimension map

Fact Query
Select the required measures from each fact table
Select the lowest levels from each dimension on
which the fact depends
Add Required Filters
Click OK
The report is displayed on the screen
Impromptu Query Definition
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Save the report
Save the report as Impromptu Query report (.IMR file)
Save the same report as Impromptu Query Definition
(.IQD file)

Modify the report
Open the respective IMR file
Add/Remove the required columns
Save the report as .iqd
Impromptu Query Definition
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Open New Catalog
Cognos Logon Window is displayed
Enter Username and Password
Give the file name and folder in which the
Catalog is to be stored
Select database Gateway as oracle, Click New
Database
Give logical database name and SQL*net
connect string
Create a new Catalog
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Enter Userid and Password for the Database
click OK
Check the Select Tables radio button. Click
OK
The Table window appears. The edit tab
shows list of all tables that are present in the
database

Create a new Catalog
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Create a new Catalog
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Select the tables you need in the catalog and
click Add. Click OK

Join window is displayed. Make the joins
among the Fact tables and Dimension tables
Create a new Catalog
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Create a new Catalog
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Add, remove or move columns
Sort in ascending or descending order
Group data (to eliminate data redundancy)
Filter data
Summarise data (totals, averages)
Formatting techniques
Print, save and open reports


Impromptu Features
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TRANSFORMER
PowerPlay Transformer Model
What is Transformer, its components and installation
Start / Stop server
Setting preferences
Transformer interface
Data sources and properties
Dimension Map
Measures
Power Cubes
Saving models
rsserver executable

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What is Transformer
Transformer is the COGNOS tool that is used to
create structured models from various data sources
that you then distribute as multidimensional
PowerCubes
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Components
Client component and Server Component

Each server model can be derived from a local model
you create using Transformer on Windows
Each local model is associated with one server
version of the same model
The two versions of Transformer (Transformer on
Windows and Transformer on UNIX) ensure that these
models remain synchronised with one another.
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Components

Powergrid
Transformer on Windows communicates with
Transformer on UNIX via PowerGrid, a utility that
is included with PowerPlay Transformation Server
(UNIX edition)
The PowerGrid network daemon (netd) must be
installed, configured, and running on the computer
where Transformer on UNIX listens for requests
from Transformer on Windows
All communications from Transformer on
Windows to PowerGrid must be made using a
Windows Sockets compliant TCP/IP connection
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Setting preferences
Launch Transformer
Click on PowerPlay Transformer from Programs menu

Preferences
Select Preferences from File menu and select directories tab

Properties
Set the following properties
Models : Location of models
Data Source : Location of IQD files


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Transformer interface

Dimension Map
Data Sources List
Measures List
Power Cubes
Dimensions Pane and Category Viewer

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Transformer interface



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Data Sources
Right-click anywhere in the Data Sources list
and choose Insert Data Source
Use the Data Source Wizard to specify name
and location of an IQD file
Insert Data Sources for
Dimensions
Facts
Current Day
Insert a Data Source




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Data Source Properties
Dimension


Facts


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Data Source Properties
All Data Sources
Data Source Location : Server
Local Data File: name of IQD file without path
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Dimension Map
Building Hierarchies



Right click in dimensions area and insert a dimension
Specify dimension name and dimension type (time or
regular)
Drag level column from Data Sources List and create a
level
Create hierarchy adding multiple levels
Create drill downs
Check automatically set current period for the Time
dimension

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Dimensions Pane and Category Viewer



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Dimensions Pane and Category Viewer



Choose Show Diagram from Diagram menu
Right Click on Time and Choose Add New View
Specify view name
You can delete levels and summarise categories in
view
Click on Time dimension and drag the same
A special category window appears. Specify
Category Label as Current Period
Choose Current Settlement Date for Current Time

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Measures

Drag measures from Data Sources List window
into measures window
Right click in measures window choose Insert
Measure.
In the type tab of properties add a calculation
Set Output Scale to zero

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Power Cubes
Right click in Power Cubes window and choose
Insert Power Cube
Specify Power Cube properties
* Power Cube Name : required name
* Processed : On Server
* Cube Creation : Enabled
* Incremental Update: Check for year cubes
* Cube Group : Split cubes by Calendar Year for year cubes
* Measures : Include / Exclude (Design Document)
* Dimensions : All Categories/ Dimension/View
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Set Properties
Choose Model Properties from File Menu
Specify model name in Name box
Specify Solaris connection in Connection box
Specify Unix model directory in Model Path box
Choose maintenance item from server menu
Click on Restore Server Model on Client to save
models on Solaris
Saving Models
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Rsserver

The rsserver program can be run from the command line
to build, edit or update server models, and create
PowerCubes

Options
-c Generate Categories and Create Cubes
-k Signon
-p Model file
Transformer Executable
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Agenda
PowerPlay Client
What is PowerPlay
PowerPlay client interface
Modes
Drill down / up, Slice and dice
Switch Measures, Switch to graphical view
Filter data
Nest dimensions
Some other features
Enterprise Server Administration
Solaris (ppadmtool)
NT

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What is PowerPlay
PowerPlay is a BI tool which is used for
Multi Dimensional data analysis


PowerPlay is a tool that enables you to examine
information, from many different aspects, in order
to understand your business
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PowerPlay client interface
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PowerPlay for windows presents data in
multidimensional format
PowerPlay for windows is used to explore the data from
different perspectives.
Open <file>.mdc file
Save it as <file>.ppr (PowerPlay Report)

PowerPlay client interface - Reports
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The report has a Dimension line, which consists
of the various dimensions displayed
The values for any dimension can be changed by
selecting it from the Dimension Line

PowerPlay client interface - Dimension Line
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Modes
Explorer Mode
Use Explorer when you want to ask questions of the
data
Use Explorer to examine the data and and focus in
on what is happening within the business

Reporter Mode
Use Reporter when you want to report your findings
It enables you to collate all the required data into one
file, and manipulate it if required


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Drill down
Select the required level on either row edge
or column edge and double click on it

Drill Up
Double click on a level to drill up

How to Drill down/up
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Slicing & Dicing -> change the information in a
report in the way you want

Drag the dimension and drop it on either row edge
or column
e.g:- To display the location dimension in the
PowerPlay report,drag the location dimension and
drop on row edge


How to Slice and dice
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Change the Measure by pausing your
pointer at the end of dimension line
Pause your pointer on down arrow
Click on required measure

Switch Measures
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Switch Measures
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To switch to a graphical display click the
toolbar icons on top of the PowerPlay report
There is an icon for different types of
graphical displays
Switch to graphical view
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Switch to graphical view
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To filter report information, pause the pointer on
the required dimension folder
From the flyout menu click the required value
The data will then be displayed for the value of
the dimension that has been selected
Filter Data
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Filter Data
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Add Nested Categories

Drag the dimensional folder to the bottom of
the row or column area and drop it
You can swap the row and column dimensions
You can swap two dimensions on the same
edge

Nest Dimensions
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Rank the data (focus on leading or trailing results)
Use calculated columns and rows
Reporting with layers (adds extra depth to your report)
Exception Highlighting (enables you to identify the focal
points of your data)
Formatting (change the layout of your report)
Save as xls file
Save as pdf file



Some other features
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Some other features - Save As
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PowerPlay Web Toolbar Icons

Crosstab
Pie
Simple Bar
Clustered Bar
Stacked Bar
Multiline
3D Bar
Different Views available in PowerPlay Web





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PowerPlay Web Toolbar Icons

Swap
Zero Suppression
Export CSV
Export PDF
Help
Save As
Return to Source
Some other features





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ppadmtool
Execute PowerPlay Enterprise Server commands
from UNIX command shell
Connect to PPES
Add cube
Enable cube
Disable cube
Enterprise Server Administration - Solaris
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Enterprise Server Administration - NT

Control the PowerPlay Enterprise Server
settings
Installed on Administrators PC

To Run :-
Click on Server Administration - PowerPlay Enterprise
in the Programs->Cognos BI directory
Type in the IP address or the name of the Enterprise
server. Enter the User ID and password when prompted
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PowerPlay Enterprise Server Administration screen
Enterprise Server Administration - NT
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Change the settings
Click on the server name
From menu click Edit--> Properties to change the settings
of the server

General Menu
Specify the URL of the gateway component.
For e.g. http://wndci002/cognos/cgi- bin/ppdscgi.exe
Specify the server mirror references if any
Enterprise Server Administration - NT
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Settings Menu
Specify whether the Server needs to be secured
Change the settings, if required, for PowerPlay Web Explorer
to optimise the performance of the Enterprise Server
Specify the location of PowerPlay web on Intranet
Visualisation Server

Enterprise Server Administration - NT
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Folder Settings Menu
Specify the Upfront server and Port number
Specify the Upfront gateway
for e.g. http://wndci002/cognos/cgi-bin/upfcgi.exe

Cube Settings Menu
Specify the title of the cube
Specify the Access Control i.e. whether for Web, Windows or
both
Specify various Process Control settings for optimising Cube
Access Speed and Performance
Specify the display properties like screen resolution, toolbar
icons, chart colours, etc
Enterprise Server Administration - NT
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Cube Settings Menu (contd..)
Specify the Drill through for different applications like
Cognos Query, Impromptu Web Reports, etc

Report Settings Menu
Specify various Process Control settings for optimising
Cube Access Speed and Performance
Specify the Display Properties like Screen Resolution,
etc
Specify the Drill through for different applications like
Cognos Query, Impromptu Web Reports, etc
Enterprise Server Administration - NT
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Access Manager Administration
Used to :-
- Set up and maintain in one central location secure
user access to data
- Set up and maintain user SignOn information and
auto-access privileges to the data sources and servers
containing the required data.

Store authentication data in one of the following
sources:
- a namespace on an LDAP directory server
- a local authentication export file (.lae)

E-Business Practice
NOVEMBER 2001
COGNOS BI TOOLS
Access Manager Administration
Netscape Directory Server stores all the
information related to users and data sources
created through Access Manager Administration
Connect to the Netscape Directory Server through
Access Manager Administration
E-Business Practice
NOVEMBER 2001
COGNOS BI TOOLS
Access Manager Administration


The namespace object is used to create a space on
a directory server to maintain signon information
for users, user classes, application servers, and
data sources
An object called default namespace is created on
Server. Create a new namespace if required
E-Business Practice
NOVEMBER 2001
COGNOS BI TOOLS
Access Manager Administration
Add User Classes
Set access days and times.
Set access permissions for showing, creating or
deleting Users, User Classes, Data Sources,
PowerPlay Servers and Transformer Servers.
Add User
Add a basic signon. Create a User ID and
Password.
Give access to relevant data source and signon.
Make user the member of relevant user classes.
Set regional settings for the user.
E-Business Practice
NOVEMBER 2001
COGNOS BI TOOLS
Access Manager Administration
Add Data Sources and Signons.
Add a database with relevant SQL*Net connection
string.
Add the database signon and assign it to the users.
E-Business Practice
NOVEMBER 2001
COGNOS BI TOOLS
Access Manager Configuration
Use Access Manager Configuration to set the runtime
environment for Access Manager and various Cognos
Client Applications like Architect, Impromptu
Administrator etc.

With Access Manager Configuration,
identify the authentication data source
connect to a directory server namespace
change the default authentication source.
E-Business Practice
NOVEMBER 2001
COGNOS BI TOOLS
Ticket Server Administration
Utility to specify the settings of the Cognos
Ticket Server in Windows NT.
By issuing tickets for a specified period of time,
the ticket server controls how long users can
remain logged on without being prompting for re-
authentication.
To Run :- Click on Ticket Server Administration in the
Programs->Cognos BI directory



E-Business Practice
NOVEMBER 2001
COGNOS BI TOOLS
Upfront Server Administration
Monitor Upfront servers and processes
Configure Upfront servers
Back up and restore the Upfront data store
Set administrator access privileges to Upfront
Server Administration and the NewsIndex


To Run :- Click on Upfront Server Administration in
the Programs->Cognos BI directory



E-Business Practice
NOVEMBER 2001
COGNOS BI TOOLS
Cognos Query Server Administration
Administer Query Servers
Administer the Server Manager
- Start and Stop Query Servers
- Change Server Settings
- Monitor Server Manager Response
Administer the Query Dispatcher
- Change Dispatcher Settings
- Monitor Dispatcher Response

Sample URL to access, eg:-http://<server
name>/cognos/cq/cqadmin.html
E-Business Practice
NOVEMBER 2001
COGNOS BI TOOLS
Upfront Gateway Manager
Manages global updates to Item gateway
information.
- Enter the existing gateway you want to update and the
new gateway that you want to update it with.
- All Items that use the existing gateway will use the new
gateway after the update operation is completed.

URL to access :- Click on Item Master Directory ->
Administration -> Item gateway manager
E-Business Practice
NOVEMBER 2001
COGNOS BI TOOLS
Ad-hoc Query - Client









Impromptu (Client)
Impromptu Catalog is used for Ad-hoc querying on the
Datawarehouse. The following folders are available in the Catalog
Dimensions
Facts

Generating an Ad-hoc Query in Impromptu involves the following
Select the Catalog Folder on which you want to create Ad-hoc
query
Execute the query on Datawarehouse after selecting relevant
columns from the Catalog sub folders
Save the query in the location that you want as an Impromptu
file
E-Business Practice
NOVEMBER 2001
COGNOS BI TOOLS
Cognos Query

Generating an Ad-hoc Query in Cognos Query
involves the following steps

Select
Select the Cognos Query package on which you want to
create Ad-hoc query
Execute
Execute the query on Datawarehouse after selecting
relevant columns from tables
Save
Save the query in the location that you want

E-Business Practice
NOVEMBER 2001
COGNOS BI TOOLS
Thank You

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