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AN

ASSIGNMENT
ON
Nutritional Infertility in Bovines

Submitted with respect to:-
Dr.Tarun Sutariya
Assistant professor
Submitted by:-
Chaitanya M. Solanki
Semester.:7
th

Reg.No.02-00390-09

Department of veterinary Gynaecology & Obstetrics
College of veterinary science & A.H.,
SardarKrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University,
Sardarkrushinagar, 385506

Nutritional infertility
Infertility caused due to some nutritional
deficiencies like overfeeding, vitamin
deficiency, mineral deficiency, etc.

Causes :
(1) Obesity due to overfeeding :
- This is observed particularly in the beef breeds and
has often been reported to affect valuable show
cattle.
- In overly fat animals, the ovaries are small and
estrus may fail to occur.
- Fat deposits in the ovaries and ovarian bursae were
suspected of interfering with normal ovulation and
transport of ovum to the oviduct.
- Heavy feeding hastened the onset of puberty,
caused a slight increase in number of services per
conception if heifers were withheld from breeding
from a number of months after reaching puberty
and resulted in lower milk yield and a shorter life.
(2) Protein deficiencies
The effect of a low level intake of protein on
reproduction may be to reduce the total intake of
feed, resulting in a delay in estrus.
Pelleted alfalfa fed at a rate of 2-5 lbs daily per
animal is an excellent protein supplement.
The level of energy intake is more important for
reproduction than is protein.
(3) Vitamin deficiency
A) Vit.A deficiency :
The effect of Vit.A deficiency occur during the latter
half of gestation and are characterized by abortion
or by the birth of weak.
Vit.A requirements during pregnancy are higher
than in the non-pregnant animal and higher for the
female than the male animal.
Vit.A deficiencies are characterized by changes in
the epithelial tissues, such as keratinization and
degeneration of placenta.
Fetal death, abortion, dystocia, retained placenta
and septic metritis are likely to result.
B) Vit.B deficiency :
Vit.B complex deficiencies have been
demonstrated in animals as producing the same
inhibitory effects on reproduction as reduced
food intake or starvation.
By virtue of ruminal synthesis of these B-complex
vitamins, cows are in no danger of suffering from
Vit.B deficiencies.
One of the B-complex vitamins, Vit.B12 requires
cobalt in its synthesis; cattle in cobalt deficient
areas may develop severe inanition due to lack of
a cobalt and B12 deficiency and a lack of
appetite.
C) Vit.C deficiency :
Does not occur in cattle.
Only man, monkey and guinea-pig manifest
symptoms of Vit.C deficiency or scurvy and even
in these species no reproductive disturbances are
produced.

D) Vit.D deficiency :
Uncomplicated Vit.D deficiency does not
interfere with reproduction in mammals.
E) Vit.E deficiency :
Does not affect the estrus cycle or ovarian
function.
Gullickson and co-workers found that heifers
and bulls receiving Vit.E deficient diets were
fertile on service.
At the present time Vit.E therapy for infertility
can be recommended since it is of no known
value.
Other trace element deficiencies :

A) Manganese deficiency :
In cattle there are few reports of naturally occuring
manganese deficiencies.
These is reduced conception rates and anestrous in
cattle deficient in manganese that was corrected by
manganese supplementation.

B) Cobalt deficiency :
Cobalt deficiency in certain areas may cause a lack of
appetite, depraved appetite, inanition, secondary
failure of estrum and delayed onset of puberty in
cattle.
Cobalt is necessary for normal bacterial growth
in the rumen.
It is concerned in the production of Vit.B12,
which is an important factor in maintaining the
appetite.

C) Copper and Iron deficiency :
As with cobalt deficiency a secondary inanition, A
failure of estrum, and a delayed onset of puberty
may occur.
D) Iodine deficiency :
Iodine deficiency may cause the birth of weak,
premature or dead calves affected with goiter.
Lack of iodine may depress thyroid function.
Hypo or hyperthyroidism may reduce the
secretion of gonadotropic hormones by the
pituitary.
In iodine deficient areas, iodine is usually
provided in the salt.
Severe salt deficiency over a long period of time,
especially during lactation will result in severe
loss of body wt. and anestrus.
E) Zinc deficiency :
Zinc have been shown to be closely associated with
reproduction in laboratory animals but deficiencies
in the larger domestic animals have not been
described.

(5) Miscellaneous nutrition :
In this reproductive problems, especially infertility,
may be associated with the consumption of excess
estrogens from pasture plants especially during lush
growing season.
It is reported that heavy kale feeding caused a
reduced conception rate and prolonged intervals
between estrus periods after service.

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