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Presentation G.729(A)/G.723(.1)/G.711
Session H.323/H.323Gateway/SIP/SDP
Transport RTP/UDP/RSVP
Network IP/WFQ/IP-prec
Physical – – –
Protocol
H.323
H.323 Background
ITU H.323 issued in 1996
H.323 was intended to be non-ISDN
replacement of H.320 for packet-based
multimedia communications
Distributed call processing with intelligent
endpoints
Addressing by E.164 or account name
H.323 standard of the following
Feature Protocol
Call signaling H.323
Media Control H.245
Audio Codec's G.711, G.722, G.723, G.728,
G.729
Video Codec's H.261, H.263
Data Sharing T.120
Media Transport RTP/RTCP
H.323 standard of the following
H.323 elements
H.323 protocol suite
H.232 call-flows
Relationships of H.323 Components
Scope of H.323
Audio codec
G.711
Audio G.723
Equipment G.729
RTP
Video Codec
Video
H.261
Equipment H.263
H.245 control
System
Control Q.931
User Call Setup
Interface RAS
Control
H.323 Elements
D-GK
H.323 H.323
Zone1 IP Zone2
Terminals GK GK Terminals
GW GW
MCU
H.324 Terminal H.320 Terminal
PSTN
(POTS) (ISDN)
H.323
Gateway
PSTN ISDN
Gateway
IP Switching
Network Circuit
Network
(SCN)
What is a Gatekeeper?
“Centralize” the dialing plan to provide scalability
Gatekeeper characteristics:
Gatekeeper is optional in an H.323 network
Logically separate from the H.323 terminals and endpoints
Multiple GKs in a network
Hierarchy of GKs in a network
Gatekeeper functions:
Address translation:
H.323 ID and E.164 translation to an IP address
Admission control:
Gateway and terminal name registration
Call Admission Control and bandwidth management
Zone Management:
GW GK Protocol is H.225 RAS: Registration, Admission and
Status
Gatekeeper Services
Address translation:
Translates
H.323 aliases (e.g. sliu@cisco.com) or E.164 aliases (standard
phone numbers) into IP transport addresses (e.g. 10.1.1.1 port 1720)
Admissions control:
Authorizes access to the H.323 network
Bandwidth control:
Manages endpoint bandwidth requirements
Zone management:
Provides the above functions to all terminals, gateways, and MCUs that
register to it
Directory Gatekeeper – Network Scalability
Small Network: Gateways only Small Network: Simplified with a Gatekeeper
1/1/0 IP QoS
1/1/0
GW 10.1.1.1 Network 10.1.1.2 GW
X1000 dial-peer voice 2000 voip dial-peer voice 1000 voip X2000
destination-pattern 2... destination-pattern 1...
session target ipv4:10.1.1.2 session target ipv4:10.1.1.1
Periodic
Per Call
Terminal/Gateway Registration Call Admission
• RegistrationRequest (RRQ) • AdmissionRequest (ARQ)
• RegistrationConfirm (RCF) • AdmissionConfirm (ACF)
• RegistrationReject (RRJ) • AdmissionReject (ARJ)
Terminal/Gateway Unregistration Disengage
• UnregistrationRequest (URQ) • DisengageRequest (DRQ)
• UnregistrationConfirm (UCF) • DisengageConfirm (DCF)
• UnregistrationReject (URJ) • DisengageReject (DRJ)
Periodic
• Resource Availability Confirm (RAC) Status Queries
Bandwidth Change • InfoRequest (IRQ)
• Bandwidth Change Request (BRQ) • InfoRequestResponse (IRR)
• Bandwidth Change Confirm (BCF) • InfoRequestAck (IACK)
• Bandwidth Change Reject (BRJ) • InfoRequestNak (INAK)
H.323 Signaling for Call Setup
X1001 X2001
X1002 Zone2 X2002
Zone1 IP
GW GK GK GW
X1003 X2003
RRQ RRQ
RCF RCF
ARQ
LRQ
LCF
ACF
H.225.0 Setup
ARQ
ACF
Active Call
DRQ DRQ
DCF DCF
TCP/UDP in the H.323 Call Setup
H.323 H.323
Gateway Gateway
PSTN / Private IP QoS PSTN / Private
Voice Network Voice
Setup
H.225 (TCP)
POTS/PSTN Call Set-up: Ringing, Answer... Q.931 derived Call-Setup
Signaling
Connect
Capabilities Exchange
H.245 (TCP)
Open Logical Channel • Capabilities negotiation
• V2 leverages H.225
Open Logical Channel Acknowledge messages for transport
of IEs
RTP Stream
Bearer or
Media
RTP Stream Media (UDP)
RTCP Stream
RAS Gatekeeper Discovery
Gatekeeper
GRQ (Multicast)
GRQ (Unicast)
GCF GCF
Gateway B
Gateway A
RAS Gatekeeper Discovery
GRQ (Gatekeeper Request)
Message send by endpoint to gatekeeper
GCF (Gatekeeper Confirm)
Reply from gatekeeper to endpoint indicating the
transport address of the gatekeeper RAS channel.
GRJ (Gatekeeper Reject)
Reply from gatekeeper to endpoint rejecting the
endpoint’s request for registration. Usually due to
gateway or gatekeeper configuration error
RAS Registration and Unregistration
Gatekeeper
RRQ
RRQ
RCF
RCF
Gateway B
Gateway A
RAS Signaling
Registration .
Registration request (RRQ)
sent from an endpoints to the gatekeeper RAS channel address
Registration Confirm (RCF)
sent by the gatekeeper and confirms and endpoint registration.
Registration Reject (RRJ)
Sent by the gatekeeper and rejects and endpoint registration.
Unregister Request (URQ)
Sent from and endpoint or gatekeeper to confirm and
unregistration.
Unregister Confirm (UCF)
Sent from the endpoint or gatekeeper to confirm and
unregistration.
Unregister Reject (URJ)
Indicates that the endpoints was not pre-registered with the
gatekeeper.
RAS End Point location
LRQ—Send to request the endpoint or gatekeeper
contact information for one or more E.164.
LCF—Sent by the gatekeeper and contains the call
signaling channel or RAS channel address of itself or the
requested endpoint. It uses its own address when
GKRCS is used and the requested endpoint’s address
Directed Endpoints Call Signaling is used.
Location Reject –Sent by gatekeepers that receive an
LRQ for which the requested endpoint is not registered
or has unavailable resources.
RAS Admissions
ARQ-an attempt by an endpoint to initiate
a call.
ACF-An authorization by the gatekeeper to
admit the call.
ARJ- Denies the endpoint’s request to gain
access to the network for this particular
call
RAS Status Information
Information Request –Sent from the gatekeeper to the
endpoint requesting status.
Information Request Response—Sent from the endpoint
to the gatekeeper in response to and IRQ. This message
also is sent from and endpoint if the gatekeeper
requests periodic status updates.
Status Enquiry—Sent outside the RAS channel on the call
signaling channel. An endpoint or gatekeeper can send
status Enquiry message to another endpoint to verify call
state. Gatekeepers typically use these messages to verify
whether calls are still active
RAS Bandwidth Control
BRQ-- Sent by and endpoint to the gatekeeper
requesting and increase or decrease it call
bandwidth.
BCF-- Sent by the gatekeeper confirming
acceptance of the bandwidth change request.
BRJ-- Sent by the gatekeeper rejecting the
bandwidth change request (send if the
requested bandwidth is not available).
Intra-Zone Call Setup
GK1
5
2 6
3 RRQ
RCF
4
1 7
0
Terminal 8
Terminal B
415-557-1111 GWB 408-667-1111
GWA
Intra-Zone Call Setup
1) Terminal A dials the phone number 408-667-1111 for Terminal B.
2) GWA sends GK1 an ARQ, asking permissions to call Terminal B.
3) GK1 does a look-up and finds Terminal B registered; returns an ACF with
the IP address of GWB.
4) GWA sends a Q.931 Call-setup to GWB with Terminal B’s phone number.
5) GWB sends GK1 an ARQ, asking permission to answer GWA’s call.
6) GK1 returns an ACF with IP address of GWA.
7) GWB sets up a POTS call to Terminal B at 408-667-7777.
8) When Terminal B answers, GWB sends Q.931 Connect to GWA.
9) GW sends IRR to GK after call is setup.
Inter-Zone Call Setup
GK1 GK2
3
3
7
2 5 8
1 6 9
0
Terminal 10
Terminal B
415-557-1111 GWB 408-667-1111
GWA
Inter-Zone Call Setup
1) Terminal A dials the phone number 408-667-1111 for Terminal B.
2) GWA sends GK1 an ARQ, asking permissions to call Terminal B.
3) GK1 does a lookup and does NOT find Terminal B registered; GK1
does a prefix look-up and finds a match with GK2; GK1 sends an
LRQ GK2, and RIP (Request in Progress) to GWA.
4) GK2 does a look-up and finds Terminal B registered; returns an LCF
with the IP address of GWB.
5) GK1 returns an ACF with the IP address of GWB.
6) GWA sends a Q.931 Call-Setup to GWB with Terminal B’s phone
number.
7) GWB sends GK2 an ARQ, asking permission to answer GWA’s call.
8) GK2 returns an ACF with IP address of GWA.
9) GWB sets a POTS call to Terminal B at 408-667-1111.
10) When Terminal B answers, GWB sends Q.931 Connect to GWA.
Inter-Zone Call Setup with a
directory Gatekeeper
Dir-GK
3 4
GK1 GK2
5
3
8
2 6 9
1 7
0
10
Terminal 11
GWA GWB Terminal B
415-557-1111 408-667-1111
Inter-Zone Call Setup with a
directory Gatekeeper
1) Terminal A dials the phone number 408-667-1111 for Terminal B.
2) GWA sends GK1 an ARQ, asking permission to call Terminal B.
3) GK1 does a look-up and does NOT find Terminal B registers; GK1
does a prefix look-up and finds a wildcard match with Dir-Gk; GK1
sends LRQ to Dir-GK, and RIP to GWA.
4) Dir-GK does a prefix look-up and finds GK2; Forwards the LRQ to
GK2.
5) GK2 does a look-up and finds Terminal B registered; returns an LCF
with the IP address of GWB.
6) GK1 returns an ACF with the IP address of GWB.
7) GWA sends a Q.931 Call-Setup to GWB with Terminal B’s phone
number.
8) GWB sends GK2 an ARQ, asking permission to answer GWA’s call.
9) GK2 returns an ACF with IP address of GWA.
10) GWB sets a POTS call to Terminal B at 408-667-1111.
11) When Terminal B answers, GWB sends Q.931 Connect to GWA.