PRESENTED BY:

SAIMON BISHOYI
REGD.NO.:0801289198
BRANCH-E.T.C
GROUP-A2
Introduction
Types
History
Application
Devices
VRML


Virtual reality is a way for humans to
visualize, manipulate and interact with
computers and extremely complex data.
The technology attempts to immerse the
user
into a computer generated world.
The user interacts with the world and can
directly manipulate objects in the world.
VIRTUAL REALITY
Defination
Virtual reality systems attempt to create
presence.
Presence is the un-remarked sense of
being in and
reacting to the events in a place.
It is un-remarked because for most of our
conscious
lives we know exactly where we are (at
least we think
so)

REAL
WORLD
VIRTUAL
WORLD
CREATING PRESENCE
A computer generated world with which the user can
interact

Interaction can vary from looking around to
interactively modifying the world.


Immersion in an environment (real or virtual) is
related to the quantity and quality of sensory
data
from that environment
Immersion in a virtual environment can be
gauged by
the extent to which the computer shuts out
sensations
from the real world and accommodates different
sensory modalities (vision, audio, haptic)
What is Immersion?
HISTORY
Year Person(s) Responsible Why it was important
1965 Ivan Sutherland The beginnings of VR
1977
Dan Sandin, Richard Sayre and Thomas
Defanti
Interaction through body movement
1982 Bonnie MacBird (Writer) The first computer- generated movie
1983 Myron Krueger First virtual environment
1984 William Gibson (His assistant) The term 'Cyberspace'
1987 Michael Piller (Writer) The Holodeck, idea of immersive VR
1992 Stephen King (Official Website) A look at the possible negative side of VR
1995 Silicon Graphics Virtual Reality Modeling Language
1999 Larry and Andy Wachowski Virtual Reality movie grosses $750M worldwide

Flight Simulators:
1910 Mechanical Simulators
1929 Concept for electronic
simulators
1945 Point light source
projection
(simulating runway lights)
1955 Video Based systems
HISTORY OF VR
The Sensorama - Circa 1960
A Cinematographic
Experience
3D Imaginary
Contextual Smells
Stereo Sound
Vibration
Wind in the hair
Motorcycle ride through
Brooklyn
History of VR 1970's
First film special effects using computer
graphics
First video arcade games - pong
Data Glove
Sandin and Sayre bend-sensing glove 1977
G.J. Grimes, patented a data entry glove 1983
(assigned to Bell Telephone Labs)
Polhemus Tracker (Raab et al 1979)
History of VR 1980's
See through Head Mounted Display
(Callahan (MIT) 1983)
Commercial head-mounted displays
(VPL Research and Autodesk 1989)
Term "Virtual Reality" coined
( Jaron Lanier VPL 1989)
SGI Reality Engine (1989)
History of VR 1990's
First Applications of Virtual Reality in
medical teaching:
Colonoscopy Simulation
Upper GI tract endoscopy simulation
Improved general purpose haptic
devices (Sensable)
First attempts at simulation of
laparoscopy
Immersive
Augmented
Text-based
Desktop (Window on a World)
Video Mapping


A type of VR in which the user becomes
immersed (deeply involved) in a virtual world. it
is also a form of VR that uses computer related
components.
Text-based VR: when a reader of a certain text form a
mental model of this virtual world in their head from
the description of people , places and things.
Augmented VR: the idea of taking what is real and
adding to it in some way so that user obtains more
information from their environment.
A room with projections on
all walls, floor and ceiling
The users wear shutter
glasses to get a 3D view of
the world.
The users are able to move
and control the
environment with some
kind of input mechanism
Camera
Device in hand

"One must look at a display screen, as a window
through which one beholds a virtual world.
Ivan Sutherland 1965
Conventional computer monitor
(possibly stereo with shutter glasses)
Realistic Sound
Special input devices
(In reality just simple computer graphics, but still
appropriate for many medical applications)
WINDOW ON WORLD
Window on the World - Colonoscopy
Simulation
Video Mapping Refers to systems
where the user
controls a virtual actor in a virtual
world.
Some systems show the user (or a
silhouette) inside the world, but
more commonly the view is of the
virtual world through the actor's
eyes.
Possible for medical visualisation
and surgical simulation
Systems with head tracking
Using simple stereo devices there is one
correct
position from which to view a scene. By
tracking the
user's head, and computing the stereo
image pair
accordingly a more accurate 3D image can
be created.
When applied to limited space around a
simple screen
this is sometimes termed Fish tank virtual
reality
Hands in the fish Tank
Stereo displays can be constructed
that allow the user to put his own
hands into the fish tank, and
possibly interact with the image
through a haptic device.
They have been applied to
simulating laparoscopic procedures.
Haptic Devices
One of the main
difficulties in applying
these techniques in
medicine is designing
haptic devices that are
realistic enough.
They are expensive and
application specific.
Immersa Desks
These devices use all the
techniques discussed so
far, but are scaled up.
Some have drafting
capabilities, and are more
suited to applications in
architecture than in
medicine.

Sensors and manipulators are
remotely controlled by a
human operator
Some spectacular success,
such as the exploration of the
Titanic.
Applications including fire fighter robots
and
unmanned military vehicles.
Proposed for endoscopic or robotic
surgery,
but not really required in practical.
Augmented Reality
Overlaying a real image with segmented
scan data for
surgery
Computer generated maps and data
overlaid on
transparent head mounted displays.
Adding computer
generated information to
the real world.
Visually appealing results are possible
Architecture
Training
Medicine
Engineering and Design
E-Commerce
Entertainment
Manufacturing

An area in which virtual reality has tremendous
potential is in architectural design. Already being
created are architectural "walk-throughs" that allow
designers and clients to examine homes and office
buildings, inside and out, before they're built. With
virtual reality, designers can interactively test a
building before construction begins.

researchers are using virtual reality technology to create
3-D ultrasound images to help doctors diagnose and
treat congenital heart defects in children
The medical application of VR was stimulated initially by
the need of medical staff to visualise complex medical
data, particularly during surgery and for surgery
planning, and for medical education and training.

United States: The military used it as flight simulators to
train pilots.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
use VR technology to construct a model of the Hubble
Space Telescope (HST) .in September, 1993,
approximately 100 members of the NASA HST flight
team received over 200 hours of training using the VR...

BOOM is a head
coupled stereoscopic
display device. Screens
and optical system are
housed in a box that is
attached to a multi-
link arm.

Head Mounted Displays
(HMD):
was the first device
providing its wearer with
an immersive experience.
Evans and Sutherland
demonstrated a head-
mounted stereo display
already in 1965.

Most exciting is the ongoing development of
VRML on the World Wide Web. In addition to
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language), that has
become a standard authoring tool for the
creation of home pages, VRML provides three-
dimensional worlds with integrated hyperlinks
on the Web. Home pages become home spaces.
Not a programming language like c++ or java

Descriptive (rather than procedural) like HTML

File formats contains human readable and editable ASCII
text
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