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Call setup,Mobility&Integrity is a Key of
Optimization


Objective
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GSM Protocol Architecture for
Signaling
International Signaling relation via
ISDN
GSM Interface & Layers Function
Call setup Overview
Key points in Call Setup.
Explanation of each point with
layer 3&2
message & logical channels.
Question &Answers
Outline
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GSM Protocol Architecture for Signaling
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GSM Signaling Network Continue
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International Signaling relation via ISDN
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SS7 Signaling Architecture
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SS7 Layer in GSM Network
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SS7 Layers in GSM Network
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SS7 Layers in GSM Network
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Mobile Application Part (MAP)
Mobile-specific extension of C7 standard.
All messages exchanged between NSS Elements (MSC,HLR,VLR)
Transaction Capabilities Application Part (TCAP)
A connectionless transport service provided by the SCCP
Provides core functionality to support roaming
Allows its users to access other users via worldwide C7/SS7 network
Signalling Connection Control Part (SCCP)
Logical signalling connection between MSC and MS to support Layer 3
(MM/CM) message transfers
Uses reduced set of C7 signalling instructions
Routes messages via STPs
Message Transfer Part (MTP)
C7 protocols responsible for routing and transport of signalling
messages


SS7 Layers in GSM Network
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SS7 Layers in GSM Network
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GSM Protocol Summery
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GSM Interfaces & Layers





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GSM
Um
Interface
Other
Interfaces
E Interface
B,C
Interface
A
Interface
Abis
Interface
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A Interface
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BSSMAP - deals with procedures that take place logically between the
BSS and MSC, examples :
Trunk Maintenance, Ciphering, Handover, Voice/Data Trunk Assignment
DTAP - deals with procedures that take place logically between the MS
and MSC. The BSS does not interpret the DTAP information, it simply
repackages it and sends it to the MS over the Um Interface. examples:
Location Update, MS originated and terminated Calls, Short Message
Service, User Supplementary Service registration, activation,
deactivation and erasure

A Interface
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A Interface
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A Interface
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Abis Interface
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Messages exchanges between the BTS and BSC.
Traffic exchanges
Signaling exchanges
Physical access between BTS and BSC is PCM digital links of
E1(32) or T1(24) TS at 64kbit/s.
Speech:
Conveyed in timeslots at 4X16 kbit/s
Data:
Conveyed in timeslots of 4X16 kbit/s. The initial user rate, which
may be 300, 1200, is adjusted to 16 kbit/s
Abis Interface
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Level 1-PCM transmission (E1 or T1)
Speech encoded at 16kbit/s and sub
multiplexed in 64kbit/s time slots.
Data which rate is adapted and
synchronized.
Level 2-LAPD protocol
Radio Signaling Link (RSL)
Operation and Maintenance Link (OML).
Level 3-Application Protocol
Radio Subsystem Management (RSM)
Operation and Maintenance procedure
(OAM)

Abis Interface
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Abis Interface
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LAPD Message
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The length is limited to 260 octets of information.
LAPD has the address of the destination terminal, to
identify the TRX, since this is a point to multipoint
interface.
Each TRX in a BTS corresponds to one or several
signaling links. These links are distinguished by TEI
(Terminal Equipment Identities).
SAPI=0, SAPI=3, SAPI=62 for OAM.
LAPD Message..
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Um Interface
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Level 1-Physical
TDMA frame
Logical channels multiplexing
Level 2-LAPDm(modified from LAPD)
No flag
No error retransmission mechanism due to real time
constraints
Level 3-Radio Interface Layer (RIL3) involves three sub layers
RR: paging, power control, ciphering execution, handover
MM: security, location IMSI attach/detach
CM: Call Control(CC), Supplementary Services(SS), Short
Message Services(SMS),
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Layer1 Signaling
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Layer 2 Signaling
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In LAPDm the use of flags is avoided.
LAPDm maximum length is 21 octets of information. It makes use of
more bit to distinguish last frame of a message.
No frame check sequence for LAPDm, it uses the error detecting
performance of the transmission coding scheme offered by the physical
layer
LAPDm Message
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The acknowledgement for the next expected frame in the indicator N(R ).
On radio interface two independent flows(one for signaling, and one for
SMS) can exist simultaneously.
These two flows are distinguished by a link identifier called the
SAPI(service access point identifier).
LAPDm SAPI=0 for signaling and SAPI=3 for SMS.
SAP1=0 for radio signaling, SAPI=62 for OAM and SAPI=63 for layer 2
management on the Abis interface.
There is no need of a TEI, because there is no need to distinguish the
different mobile stations, which is done by distinguishing the different
radio channels.
LAPDm Message.
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Layer 3 Signaling
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Layer3 Signaling Message Format at air Interface
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Protocol Discriminator
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Transaction Identifier
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Message Type
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Information Element
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Measurement Report
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Layer 3 Function
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RR Management
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Mobility Management
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Connection Management
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RR Massage, Channel & MT Code
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MM Massage
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CM Message
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Call Setup Overview
MS Idle Mode Behavior
Call setup signaling flow with Layer2&Layer3 explanation
Handover signaling flow
Location updated signaling Flow
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MS Idle Mode Behavior
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Idle Mode Measurements..explain in call Setup
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Call Setup Signaling Flow
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Call Setup Signaling Flow
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Call Setup With Counters
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Paging locates MS to cell Level for call
routing
Three paging message types:
Type 1 - 2 MSs using IMSI/TMSI
Type 2 - 3 MSs (1xIMSI, 2xTMSI)
Type 3 - 4 MSs using TMSI only
Paging message requires 4 bursts (1
CCCH block)
Paging messages may be stored at BSS
Transmitted on PCH
If DRX is implemented MS listens only
to allocated paging group

Paging Types
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Timers involved in Call Process
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Layer2&3 involved in Call setup
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Call Setup Measurements
Layer3
RR Management Message
MM Management Message
CM Management Message
Layer2
RR-RSP
I-CMD
SABM-CMD
UA-RSP
DISC-CMD
Call Setup
Call Establishment
Call End
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Layer3 Message. RR Management Message
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RR Paging Message Structure
Protocol Discriminator
The Channel Field (bits 1-2 of octet 2) indicates the further combination of
channel which will be needed. It is coded as follows
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RR-Paging Message
Paging Request Type1

Mobile Identity
To provide either the IMSI, the (P) TMSI but not
the IMEI bases paging.
IMSI <= 15 digts
(P) TMSI= 4 Octets
Odd/even indication
Value 0 : Even number of identity digits
(


Type of Identity



Page mode
To control the action of MS belonging to the
paging subgroup corresponding to the paging
subchannel.
Page Mode 00 Normal Paging
01 Extended Paging
10 Paging Re organisation
11 Same as before



Channel Needed
To indicate what type of channel is required for the
transaction linked to the paging procedure.
First Channel 00 Any channel
01 SDCCH
10 TCH/F
11 TCH/H or TCH/F
Second Channel Same as first channel
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Paging Request Type2
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Paging Request Type3
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RR System Information
1. PD for System Information is always 6.
2. Skip Indicator is 0000
3. Message Type as below
Protocol Discriminator
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System Information
in Idle Mode
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System Information Type1
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System Information Type1
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System Information Type2
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System Information Type2
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System Information Type 2ter
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System Information Type 2ter
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System Information Type3
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System Information Type3
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System Information Type3
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System Information Type4
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System Information Type4
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System Information Type4
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System Information
in Dedicated Mode
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System Information Type5
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System Information Type5
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System Information Type6
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System Information Type 6
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RRChannel Request
Channel Request
Message Format
Random Reference
MS Generate Random Number (3...5bit) by
Using Random algorithm.
Number slot spread Tran
No of Max Retransmission
Establishment cause (3 bit).
Answer to page
MOC/MTC
Location update
SMS
NECI Parameters setting is
explain in next slide

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Disable NECI
Enable NECI
Channel Request Message.
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Immediate Assignment
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Channel Control Parameters
Separated/Combined/Hybrid
Channel configuration.
Training Sequence Code(0..7)
After a suitable channel has been
found, the BSC determines the most
suitable training sequence code by
examining all the interfering
connections(C/I based).
RF Hopping Channel(Hopping
List)

Establishment cause is a 3 bit.
Answer to page
MOC/MTC
Location update
SMS
NECI(New establishment cause
Indication) is disabled.

Timing Advance is
a access delay.
(1 TA=550M)
MA List
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CM Service Request
CM Service Type
To specify which service is
requested from network

Mobile Station
Class mark
Define certain
attributes of the MS
equipment in use on a
certain transaction.

Mobile Identity

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Mobile Station Class mark
Define certain attributes of the
MS equipment in use on a certain
transaction.
Revision Level
Establish Indication
Encryption Algorithm
RF Power Capability
SOLSA (Support of localized
service area)
VBS/VGCS
CM Service Prompt
SM Capability


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Cipher Response




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call setup
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Call Processing or Call Progress
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Assignment Command
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Assignment Command
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Assignment Command
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Assignment Command
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Measurement Report Message format
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If the list of the Neighboring cells is
changed by the operator ,this
parameters (set=0,1) toggles. it tells
the locating algorithm in the BSC
which neighboring cells description
the MS has used , that is updated or
old one.
This bit indicate if the MS used
Discontinuous Transmission on the
uplink.
If 1 Dtx used, 0 is not used
These Element contains the averaged
received signal level of the serving
cells on all time slots and on subset of
time slots. The signal strength
mapped on RX Level value between
0..63.
RX Level 0= less than -110dbm
RX Level 1=-110dbm to -109dbm.
.
.
.
RX Level 63=greater than -48dbm.
The MS must send
continuous
measurement reports
but for some reason if
MS does not have
measurement , it can
indicate to the
network with this bit.
These Element contains
the averaged received
signal Quality of the
serving cells on all time
slots and on subset of
time slots. The signal
quality mapped to a
corresponding BER%
value before decoding as
follows.
RX Qual 0= BER<0.2%
RX Qual1=BER 0.2% to
0.4% .
.
.
RX Qual 7=BER>12.8%.
Measurements Report (MS Report after each 480ms)
These elements contains
the averaged received
signal strength, BCCH,
& Basic of the nth(n=1
to 6) Neighbor cells.
BCCH Allocation
List.set to 1 in
neighbor cells
parameters description.
with 5 bits (0..31)
BSIC consist of 6 bits
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HO Procedure
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Location Updated
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Open Discussion
Question&Answer
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