ORNAMENTAL TREES AND SHURBS

Harry Lauder's walking stick

Kingdom: Plantae
Angiosperms
Eudicots
Rosids
Order: Fagales
Family: Corylaceae
Genus: Corylus
Species: C. avellana
Binomial name: Corylus avellana
Nativity: Europe and western Asia,
The 'Contorta' variety comes from a
shrub found in England.
Plant Type: Deciduous
Light requirements: Full Sun,
Partial Sun
Soil Conditions: Well Drained
Height at Maturity: 310 ft. tall, but
can reach 15 ft. (dwarf tree).
Growth Rate: Slow
Fruiting: Yes
Flowering: Yes
Bloom Colour: Yellow
Bloom Season: Winter
Resistance: Cold Hardy, Heat
Tolerant
Soil Tolerance: Normal, loamy
the branches of this
low growing tree
twists into strange
and odd forms.
The scientific name
avellana derives from
the town of Avella in
Italy, where the
species was
described as
"Avellana nux
sylvestris" ("wild nut
of Avella")
the shrub's
"appealing common
name derives from
the old Scottish
comedian Harry
Lauder who
performed using a
crooked branch as a
cane."
Common Names:
Corkscrew hazel
Harry Lauder's
walking stick
Contorted European
Filbert
The leaves are
deciduous, rounded, 6
12 cm long and across,
softly hairy on both
surfaces, and with a
double serrate
margin.
The flowers are
produced very early in
spring, before the
leaves, and are
monoecious with
single-sex wind-
pollinated catkins. Male
catkins are pale yellow
and 512 cm long, while
female catkins are very
small and largely
concealed in the buds
with only the bright red
13 mm long styles
visible.
Round, double-toothed,
light green leaves (2-3"
long) typically turn an
undistinguished
yellow/red in fall.
The fruit is a nut, produced
in clusters of one to five
together, each nut held in a
short leafy involucre ("husk")
which encloses about three
quarters of the nut. The nut is
roughly spherical to oval, 15
20 mm long and 1220 mm
broad (larger, up to 25 mm
long, in some cultivated
selections), yellow-brown
with a pale scar at the base.
The nut falls out of the
involucre when ripe, about 7
8 months after pollination.
Corylus avellana a common hazel is cultivated for
its nuts. The name hazelnut applies to the nuts of
any of the species of the genus Corylus. This
hazelnut or cob nut, the kernel of the seed, is edible
and used raw or roasted, or ground into a paste.
Corkscrew hazel is a natural mutant of wild hazel, carrying a
mutation that produces contorted shoots and distorted leaves.
The mutation causing the abnormal growth is not transmitted
via the seeds, so the plant can only be grown from cuttings, or
via grafts onto normal hazel rootstocks. It is beneficial to leave
a few main stems only so that their twists are clearly defined
Ornamental Features:
Harry Lauder's Walking Stick is draped in
stunning yellow catkins hanging below the
branches from late winter to early spring before
the leaves. The flowers are excellent for cutting. It
has dark green foliage throughout the season.
The crinkled round leaves turn yellow in fall. It
also blooms early, producing yellow male catkins
in late winter and early spring before the leaves
arrive. The fruit is not ornamentally significant.
The twisted dark brown bark and brown branches
are extremely showy and add significant winter
interest.
One of the winter highlights in a garden is the
gnarled silhouette of the "corkscrew hazel" -
Corylus avellana 'Contorta'. In low sunshine, the
pale sky provides the perfect backdrop for its
dark and tortuously twisted branches.
Sir Henry "Harry"
Lauder was an
international
Scottish
entertainer who
acted with a
crooked branch of
a cane.
CORNUS FLORIDA
URBINIANA
Magic Dogwood
Kingdom: Plantae
Angiosperms
Eudicots
Asterids
Order: Cornales
Family: Cornaceae
Genus: Cornus
Subgenus: Benthamidia
Species: C. Florida
Binomial name: Cornus Florida
subsp.
Urbiniana (Rose)
Rickett
Common Name: Magic Dogwood
Plant Type: Deciduous
Nativity: Eastern Mexico from Nuevo
Leon through Veracruz.
Height: 15-60 feet
Spread: 15 - 20 feet
Bloom time: Spring
Flower colour: White
Fruit present: Fall
Fruit colour: Red
Light Exposure: Sun, Part Sun
Drainage: Well drained, Moist
Rate of Growth: Moderate
Soil conditions: The plant does not like limestone soils and poor in
nutrients. It
grows best in fertile, permeable, very dense with a neutral or
slightly acidic pH. Grow in fairly moist, acidic soil as trees
have low
tolerance of alkaline conditions.
Leaf Type: Broadleaf
The leaves are opposite, simple, ovate, 613 cm (2.45.1 in)
long and
46 cm (1.62.4 in) broad, with an apparently entire margin;
they turn
a rich red-brown in fall.
Water Requirement: Medium
Maintenance Level: Low
Susceptible to insects and diseases: Yes
Propagation: Can be propagated by seeds or by rooted cuttings. Seeds
are best
sprouted after cold stratification at 38-42F for up to 90-120
days.
Hardiness: Mature trees are hardy to some frost, probably to at least 10F
and
possible lower. Said to be hardy to zone 6-7. Younger trees
should be
protected from hard freezes or long frosts the tree has been
cold-
hardy
Growing It is recommend protecting it from frost the first 3 years.
environment: You may grow it in a pot and move indoors for the
winter. It
doesn't seem to mind warm summers provided that nights
aren't too warm. The tree normally grows in the forest
understory, so it appreciates some protection from strong
afternoon sun.
LEAVE
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F
L
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F
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P
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For the first 3 years, you have to
grow it in a pot and move indoors
for the winter so as to protect from
frost.
N
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e
d
i
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REASON FOR THIS APICAL COHERENCE
OR ADHERENCE:
Ventrally, the bract apices are covered with a
very dense white indumentum composed of
slender, sinuous, and undulating hairs.
Throughout the development of the
inflorescence and the hairs of bract apices are
very tightly intermeshed and interlocked. The
pressure exerted by the expanding narrow
bracts of C. Fonda subsp. Urbimana is not
sufficient to pull the hairs, and subsequently the
bracts, apart. Conversely, the pressure exerted
by the expanding, and much larger and wider
bracts. Some times for the most part, wind and
rain are to separate their bract apices.
FLOWERS:
The involucral bracts of Cornus Florida subsp.
Urbiniana from Mexico are "fused" in most of
the flowers. The tips of the bracts are strongly
adherent (or connivent, or coherent) from early
development of the inflorescences and
expansion of the involucral bracts. Through
anthesis (the pollen shedding period) and
present the Chinese Lantern" configuration.
USES:
Ornamental:
Planted in parks, along roadsides as an ornamental plant , both because of the very rich and spectacular
spring flowering and for a distinctive look and an interesting colour of leaves in autumn. Looking like exotic
Chinese lanterns, these incredible blooms dazzle the eye by the hundreds each spring.
Raw wood:
It is one of the hardest and indestructible, shock resistant wood species. Are often used in preparation of
the components that require strength, Eg: pumps, pulleys, framing tools, or even a golf club head roller
skate wheels, knitting needles, and spools. Indians of dogwood floral in the past often generated
arrowheads.
Medicinal plant:
In medicine, indigenous aromatic bark and roots used as a cure for malaria (contain an alkaloid called
cornin ), skin astringent, an antidiarrheal agent, and as a pain reliever for headaches, sores, and muscle
inflammations. In addition, the
Indians of the roots raisers red dye and marked the beginning of flowering dates of soil preparation,
planting corn while the end
LABURNUM ALPINUM
PENDULUM
golden chain tree
Golden Chain Tree
Kingdom: Plantae
Angiosperms
Eudicots
Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Subfamily: Faboideae
Tribe: Genisteae
Genus: Laburnum
Species: alpinum
Binomial names: Laburnum
alpinum
Common name: golden
chain tree, weeping scotch
laburnum
Nativity: mountains of
southern Europe from France
to the Balkan Peninsula.
Plant Type: Deciduous
Light requirements: Full Sun
Soil conditions: well-drained
soil, preferably calcareous.
Height: 3-10 m. tall shrub or
small tree.
Spread: 8- 10 m.
The yellow flowers are responsible for the old poetic
name 'golden chain tree' (also spelled golden
chaintree or goldenchain tree).
Growth Rate: fast-growing
Fruiting: Yes
Flowering: Yes
Bloom Colour: Yellow
Bloom time: June to July
Resistance: wind resistant,
drought tolerant.
All parts of the plant are
poisonous, and can be
lethal if consumed in
excess. Symptoms of
laburnum poisoning may
include intense
sleepiness, vomiting,
convulsive movements,
coma, slight frothing at the
mouth and unequally
dilated pupils. In some
cases, diarrhea is very
severe, and at times the
convulsions are markedly
tetanic. The main toxin in
the plant is cytisine, a
nicotinic receptor agonist.
LEAVES
The leaves are trifoliate,
somewhat like a clover;
the leaflets are typically 4
5 cm (1.62.0 in) long. The
leaves are slightly hairy
along the veins on the
underside
FLOWERS
They have yellow pea-
flowers in pendulous
racemes 1030 cm (412
in) long in spring, which
makes them very popular
garden trees. The racemes
are 2030 cm (812 in)
long, but with the flowers
sparsely along the raceme.
Has perfect flowers (male
and female parts in each
flower). They give off a
sweet smell.
BUDS and FLOWERS are similar to that of
Peas except the colour.
LEAV
ES
FRUITS:
large leguminous
fruit (bald pods),
approx. 6 cm long,
with dark brown
poisonous seeds.
BARK AND
BRANCHES:
bark brownish-
green, twigs light
green
USES:
WOODWORKING
these were historically been used for cabinet making and
inlay, as well as for musical instruments. In addition to such
wind instruments as recorders and flutes, it was a popular
wood for Great Highland bagpipes before taste turned to
imported dense tropical hardwoods such as cocuswood,
ebony, and African blackwood. The heart-wood of a
laburnum may be used as a substitute for ebony or
rosewood. It is very hard and a dark chocolate brown, with
a butter-yellow sapwood.
ORNAMENTATION
A small, spreading tree with weeping branches that is
perfect for smaller gardens. In late spring and early
summer slender racemes of brilliant, golden-yellow flowers
seem to drip from the branches creating a luminous
display. An excellent specimen plant, that is best
appreciated when not overcrowded.
These are cultivated as ornamental trees for gardens and
parks. They are also trained as espaliers on pergolas, for
ceilings of pendant flowers in season.
HYDRANGEA
MACROPHYLLA
Big leaf Hydrangea
Big Leaf Hydrangea
Kingdom: Plantae
Angiosperms
Eudicots
Asterids
Order: Cornales
Family: Hydrangeaceae
Genus: Hydrangea
Species: H. Macrophylla
Binomial name: Hydrangea
Macrophylla
Common names: Big leaf
Hydrangea, French
Hydrangea, Lacecap
Hydrangea, Mophead
Hydrangea, Penny Mac and
Hortensia.
Nativity: native to southern
and eastern Asia (China,
Japan, Korea, the Himalayas,
and Indonesia) and the
Americas.
Plant type: Deciduous Shrub
Soil condition: Can grow in
both alkaline and acidic soils.
Having been introduced to the Azores,
H. macrophylla is now very common,
particularly on Faial, which is known as
the "blue island" due to the vast number
of hydrangeas present on the island.
There are two flower arrangements in
hydrangeas. Mophead flowers are large
round flower heads resembling pom-
poms or, as the name implies, the head
of a mop. In contrast, lacecap flowers
bear round, flat flower heads with a
centre core of subdued, fertile flowers
surrounded by outer rings of showy,
sterile flowers.
Height and Width: 3m tall by 2.5 m (8
ft.) broad
Flowering: Yes
Bloom colour: white, blue, red, pink,
light purple, or dark purple
Bloom Season: early summer to early
winter
Fruiting: Yes
FLOWERS:
The inflorescence of Hydrangea macrophylla is a corymb, with all flowers
placed in a plane or a hemisphere or even a whole sphere in cultivated
forms. Two distinct types of flowers can be identified: central non-
ornamental fertile flowers and peripheral ornamental flowers, usually
described as "sterile". A study of several cultivars showed that all the
flowers were fertile but the non-ornamental flowers were pentamers
while the decorative flowers were tetramers. The four sepals of
decorative flowers have colours ranging from pale pink, red fuchsia
purple to blue. The non-decorative flowers have five small greenish
sepals and five small petals. Flowering lasts from early summer to early
winter. The fruit is a subglobose capsule.
LEAVES:
The term macrophylla
means large- or long-
leaved. The opposite
leaves can grow to 15 cm
(6 in) in length. They are
simple, membranous,
orbicular to elliptic and
acuminate. They are
generally serrated.
COLOURS AND SOIL ACIDITY:
H. macrophylla blooms can be blue, red, pink, light
purple, or dark purple. The colour is affected by soil
pH. The flower colour can be determined by the
relative acidity of the soil. An acidic soil (pH below 7)
will usually produce flower colour closer to blue,
whereas an alkaline soil (pH above 7) will produce
flowers more pink. This is caused by a colour change
of the flower pigments in the presence of aluminium
ions which can be taken up into hyper accumulating
plants.
USES:
ORNAMENTAL:
In climates where Hydrangea macrophylla flowers, place in a mixed shrub border or at the back of a flower
bed. Its rich foliage and large size make it a wonderful background for white or light colored flowers, even tall
growing perennials and annuals. In warm climates H. macrophylla is good for adding a splash of early
summer colour to shady areas and woodland gardens. Minimal pruning is recommended for most prolific
flowering. Flowers are easily air dried and are long lasting.
BEVERAGE:
Amacha is a Japanese beverage made from fermented leaves of Hydrangea macrophylla var. thunbergii.
MEDICINAL:
Leaf-extracts of Hydrangea macrophylla are being investigated as a possible source of new chemical
compounds with antimalarial activity. Hydrangeic acid from the leaves is being investigated as a possible anti-
diabetic drug as it significantly lowered blood glucose, triglyceride, and free fatty acid levels in laboratory
animals. Hydrangeae Dulcis Folium is a drug made from the fermented and dried leaves of H. macrophylla
var. thunbergii with possible antiallergic and antimicrobial properties. It also has a hepatoprotective activity by
suppression of D-galactosamine-induced liver injury in vitro and in vivo.
ACER PALMATUM
DISSECTUM
Japanese Maple
Kingdom: Plantae
Binomial: Acer palmatum
Order: Sapindales
Family: Sapindaceae
Genus: Acer
Species: A. palmatum
Binomial name: Acer
palmatum
Nativity: Japan, North
Korea, South Korea,
China, eastern Mongolia,
and southeast Russia
Height: 10 to 15 feet
Spread: 10 to 15 feet
Plant habit: weeping
Plant density: dense
Growth rate: slow
Fruit cover: dry or hard
Texture: fine
Fruit colour: red
Bloom Time: April
Bloom Description: Red
Sun: Full sun to part
shade
Acer Palmatum displays
considerable genetic variation,
with seedlings from the same
parent tree typically showing
differences in such traits as leaf
size, shape, and colour.
For centuries Japanese
horticulturalists have developed
cultivars from maples found in
Japan and nearby Korea and
China. They are a popular
choice for bonsai enthusiasts
and have long been a subject in
art.
Leaf arrangement:
opposite/subopposite
Leaf type: simple
Trunk/bark/branches: showy; no
thorns
Leaf margin: lobed; parted
Current year stem/twig colour:
reddish
Leaf shape: star-shaped
Leaf venation: palmate
Leaf type and persistence:
deciduous
Leaf blade length: 2 to 4 inches
Leaf colour: green
Fall colour: orange
Fall characteristic: showy
L
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Flower colour: red
Flower characteristic:
spring flowering
Fruit shape: elongated
Fruit length: 0.5 to 1 inch
Winter interest: plant has
winter interest due to
unusual form, nice
persistent fruits, showy
winter trunk, or winter
flowers
Invasive potential: not
known to be invasive
Pest resistance: long-term
health usually not affected
by pests
Light requirement: plant
grows in the shade
Soil tolerances: acidic;
well-drained; sand; loam
Drought tolerance:
moderate
Soil salt tolerances:
moderate
Plant spacing: not
applicable
USE AND MANAGEMENT:
This large shrub or small tree tends to leaf out early, so it may be injured by spring frosts. Protect them from
drying
winds and direct sun by providing exposure to partial or filtered shade and well-drained, acid soil with plenty
of organic matter, particularly in the southern part of its range. Leaves often scorch in hot summer weather in
USDA hardiness zones 7b and 8, unless they are in some shade or irrigated during dry weather. More direct
sun can be tolerated in the northern part of the range. Be sure drainage is maintained and never allow water
to stand around the roots. Grows fine on clay soils as long as the ground is sloped so water does not
accumulate in the soil.
Responds well to several inches of mulch placed beneath the canopy. Variegated types are a bit more
difficult to grow and are subject to leaf scorch. There are many cultivars of Japanese maple with a wide
variety of leaf shapes and colour, growth habits, and sizes: Atropurpureum - reddish leaves with five lobes;
Blood good - new foliage bright red, darkening to dark green; Burgundy Lace - reddish foliage and cut
leaves; Dissectum - finely dissected leaves in green or red, 10 to 12 feet tall; Elegans - leaves with rose-
colored margins when they first unfold; Ornatum - foliage is cut and reddish. Aphids infest maples, usually
norway maple, and may be numerous at times. High populations can cause leaf drop. Another sign of heavy
aphid infestation is honey dew on lower leaves and objects beneath the tree. Aphids are controlled by
spraying or they may be left alone. If not sprayed, predatory insects will bring the aphid population under
control. Scales are an occasional problem on maples. Perhaps the most common is cottony maple scale.
The insect forms a
cottony mass on the lower sides of branches. Scales are usually controlled with horticultural oil sprays.
Scales may also be
controlled with well-timed sprays to kill the crawlers. If borers become a problem it is an indication the tree is
not growing well. Controlling borers involves keeping trees healthy. Chemical controls of existing infestations
are more
difficult. Proper control involves identification of the borer
ENKIANTHUS
CAMPANULATUS
Dwarf Japanese Pagoda Tree
Dwarf Japanese Pagoda Tree
KINGDOM: Plantae
Angiosperms
Eudicots
Asterids
ORDER: Ericales
FAMILY: Ericaceae
SUBFAMILY: Enkianthoideae Kron & al.
GENUS: Enkianthus Lour.
SPECIES: Enkianthus campanulatus
BOTANICAL NAME: Enkianthus campanulatus
COMMON NAME: Red vein Enkianthus, Dwarf
Japanese Pagoda Tree
NATIVITY: East Asia, occupying a broad swathe
from the eastern Himalayas to southeast Asia,
and north into China and Japan. China is host to
seven species, more than any other country, four
of which are endemic.
PLANT TYPE: deciduous, Tall Shrub - spreading,
tree-like shrub with whorled branches. Pendent
racemes of 5-15 bell-shaped flowers.
GROWTH PACE: Moderate
PREFERRED LOCATION: Full Sun /Partial
Shade
SOIL CONDITIONS:
Fertile moist well-drained soil - humus- rich. Acid
or Neutral Loam, Chalk or Sand
HARDINESS RATING: Fully hardy - Plant can withstand
temperatures down to -15C (5F)
HEIGHT AND SPREAD: 4 - 5m (12-15ft)
SPACING: 4' to 5' apart
FLOWERING: Yes
BLOOM COLOUR: Red and white.
BLOOM SEASON: May to June
FLOWERS:
Its bright green glossy foliage gives brilliant coppery to red fall
colours. In spring it offers a profusion of bell shape (campanula,
"little bell"), creamy white flowers with red veins, similar to those
of the distantly related Pieris.
The pendulous, umbel-like clusters or racemes of campanulate
flowers resemble those of related genera such as Gaultheria and
Vaccinium. However, the dry capsules, rather than fleshy berries,
and whorl-like arrangement of toothed leaves and
branches, differentiate Enkianthus.
LEAVES: Ovate-elliptic, toothed, dull-green leaves to 6cm (2in)
long, turning orange-yellow to red in autumn. Simple leaves that
are arranged opposite one another but appear to be arranged in
whorls. The leaves are elliptic-rhomboid with serrulate margins
and are 3 to 7 centimetres long. The foliage colour in autumn is
yellow to a brilliant red, depending on soil and light conditions.
FRUITING: Yes
FRUIT: They are loculicidal capsules.
STYLE: Woodland Garden
SEASONAL INTEREST: Spring Interest,
Fall Interest.
WOOD AND BARK:
The branches are smooth with smooth
fibrous wood. The bark of both old and
young branches is smooth and light
brown. The main branches are tightly
upright with protruding side branches
arranged in whorls along them. This
gives the shrubs a picturesque, irregular
habit with age. Blooms on previous
year's growth, so any pruning should be
done immediately after flowering.
ROOT SYSTEM:
The plants have a heart-shaped root
system and build dense mats of fine
roots near the surface.
PROPAGATION: Sow seed in late winter
or early spring; take
semi-ripe cuttings in summer or layer in
autumn.
SEED
S
FRUIT
S
BARK
ORNAMENTAL FEATURES:
Red vein Enkianthus features dainty
racemes of lightly scented yellow bell-
shaped flowers with red veins hanging
below the branches from mid to late
spring. It has green foliage throughout
the season. The pointy leaves turn an
outstanding orange in the fall. The fruit
is not ornamentally significant. The
smooth brown bark is not particularly
outstanding. It's the shape of the
flowers that gave this genus its name.
Enkianthus combines two Greek words
meaning swollen-the connotation is the
kind of belly characteristic of
pregnancy- and flower, respectively
The common name--red vein--
describes the
creamy white flowers that are marked
with red lines. The fact that they look
like little bells names the species, as
campanulatus is Latin for "bell-
shaped." There are only a dozen other
species of Enkianthus, and they are all
native to the hillsides of north Asia.
THANK
YOU
By
Raj Kumar Boppana
1100100173
4
th
year, B.Arch
School of Planning and Architecture,
Vijayawada