Heikki Hintikka at Song Networks Oy Supervisor: Professor Heikki Hmminen Instructor: Pauli Saari, Quality Management Director 4.8.2014 VoIP over WLAN 2 Contents The concept of VoIP over WLAN Aims of research, main objectives WLAN Basics, factors of success, standards and future VoIP VoIP and speech, protocols, QoS Security standards & methods, currently (encryption, authentication), future Devices and products Deployment environments example of hotspot, SOHO environment provisioning model TESTING (Access Link & SOHO environment) Markets and forecast 4.8.2014 VoIP over WLAN 3 VoIP over WLAN the concept VoIP WLAN Free phone calls over the Internet No toll quality voice service like PSTN Used in many enterprise environments QoS factors very important for voice quality Wireless broadband up to 54 Mbps Data rates depend on distance Standards evolving to meet user needs Still challenges to face 4.8.2014 VoIP over WLAN 4 Thesis ToC 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to VoWLAN 1.2 Main issues in VoWLANs 1.3 Problem definition 1.4 Scope of study 1.5 Methodology 1.6 Structure of the study 2 WLAN 3 VoIP 4 Usability and Deployment 5 Testing of VoWLAN (SOHO environment) 6 Market and Business Analysis 7 Trends and Forecast 4.8.2014 VoIP over WLAN 5 WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) Benefits: wireless broadband, low cost equipment, easy-to-use Drawbacks: Issues with security, QoS, usability (roaming)
3 types of architecture: Infrastructure Ad-hoc Mesh networking
Radio interface: frequency bands, channels Standard family (IEEE 802.11) evolving 4.8.2014 VoIP over WLAN 6 IEEE 802.11 (WLAN) standards
802.11b DSSS 11 Mbps
2,4 GHz 802.11a 54 Mbps 5 GHz
OFDM
802.11h 802.11f 802.11e 802.11i
802.11g 4.8.2014 VoIP over WLAN 7 WLANs four Ss main criterias Security user data integrity, secure authentication, encryption Service quality real-time applications (voice/video), QoS Support operational, functionality, interoperability, performance Scalability flexible, easy-to-use services, develop higher quality 4.8.2014 VoIP over WLAN 8 VoIP Voice over IP networks (RTP/UDP), Internet best-effort SIP (IETF) and H.323 (ITU-T), multimedia support
Gaining market space in enterprises --> support for only one network An important component in video calls
Many challenges when transmission media is wireless QoS parameters (delay, jitter, packet loss) Security features increase delay etc.
4.8.2014 VoIP over WLAN 9 QoS (Quality of Service) These QoS components ensure the performance of voice calls across a data network: Delay (ms) Jitter (ms) Packet Loss (%) Congestion in access points
WLANs get disturbance of external factors Bluetooth, microwave oven, trees, obstacles Channel overlapping Handover improvement
4.8.2014 VoIP over WLAN 10 Security Encryption mechanisms WEP Wired Equivent Privacy, weak nowadays TKIP Temporary Key Integrity Protocol, taken WEPs place CCMP / AES (in 802.11i)
Authentication WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access): port-based 802.1X + EAPs/TKIP 802.11i: WPA extension plus other features CCMP/AES pre-authentication 4.8.2014 VoIP over WLAN 11 Evolution of WLAN security
802.11i RC-4 WEP MD5
802.1X WPA RADIUS
EAPs PEAP EAP-? EAP-SIM EAP- MD5 LEAP EAP-TLS EAP-TTLS TKIP CCMP MIC AES WEP 4.8.2014 VoIP over WLAN 12 Devices and products End user devices: PDAs, laptops, smart phones etc. Network elements
Usability important Features and characteristics: interoperability seamless handover roaming hybrid solutions
4.8.2014 VoIP over WLAN 13 Deployment environments Hotspot example
Internet HOTSPOT Enterprise
WISP / WISP aggregator Local services Fixed line aggregator AAA server CELLLAR OPERATOR (GSM/CDMA)
RADIUS interworking GW HLR / HSS / RADIUS GW Access controller Router Core network packet data GW PEAP / EAP / RADIUS 802.1X / EAP 4.8.2014 VoIP over WLAN 14 Provisioning model one bill roaming
Hotspot operator Home entity Roaming intermediary AAA server AAA server AAA server direct AAA exchange Internet Access cotroller GW RADIUS User data Billing End user Roaming user 4.8.2014 VoIP over WLAN 15 Testing of VoIP over WLAN - SOHO Prioritizing VoWLAN in SOHO environment Internet router / CPE edge router WISP operator network Test premises DSLAM SIP-based VoIP server VPN server 4.8.2014 VoIP over WLAN 16 Results: QoS parameters delay and jitter Downstream Delay -0,100000 -0,080000 -0,060000 -0,040000 -0,020000 0,000000 0,020000 0,040000 Time (s) D e l a y
( s ) Downstream Jitter 0,000000 0,020000 0,040000 0,060000 0,080000 0,100000 0,120000 Time (s) J i t t e r
( s ) 4.8.2014 VoIP over WLAN 17 VoIP prioritizing in hotspots 4.8.2014 VoIP over WLAN 18 Markets & forecast Markets are growing fast price erosion Multiple manufacturers making devices inter-network capabilities (GSM/GPRS/CDMA) WISPs, network operators, alliances, roaming coverage/clients
Competitors? 3G, UWB, Bluetooth, WiMAX Different stakeholders in business 4.8.2014 VoIP over WLAN 19 Conclusions and future work Conclusions Overcoming QoS and security issues in VoWLAN designs and implementations Overcoming security flaws will be addressed by upcoming IEEE 802.11i standard technical and economic business issues dealt with Essential for providing QoS is to priritize VoIP streaming Future work traffic congestion in QoS guaranteed networks, where 802.11e has been implemented Roaming, handover time reducement, standard affects in general Support and interoperability