Facilities Management

UW-Eau Claire
29 CFR 1910.146
CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
Awareness Training


By: Chaizong Lor, Safety Coordinator
Facilities Management
UW-Eau Claire
Confined Space Entry
Definitions of Confined
Space Entry
Confined Space Entry on
Campus
Potential Hazards in
Confined Space
Oxygen Rich or Deficiency
Flammability and Explosion
Toxic and Irritant Exposures
Physical Hazards
Entry Permit
Non-permit Confined Space
Permit-Required Confined
Space
Re-classification of Confined
Space
Air Monitoring Prior to entry
Air Monitoring During entry
Ventilating Confined Spaces
Entering Procedures
Duties of entry supervisor
Duties of Entrant
Duties of Attendant
FM Rescue Plan
Contractor
Summary
Training Objectives:
Facilities Management
UW-Eau Claire
Definitions
A space that:
Is large enough and so configured
that an employee can enter
bodily and perform work.
Has limited or restricted
means of entry or exit.
Is not designed for continuous
human occupancy.
Entry
The act by which a person intentionally
passes through an opening into a
permit required confined space.
Any part of the body passing through
the opening is considered entry.
Facilities Management
UW-Eau Claire
Definitions Cont.
Entrant
A person who enters into confined space.
Attendant
A person who stays with the entrant
outside the confined space.
Responsible for assisting the entrant
in exiting the confined space.
Calling for emergency
assistance when necessary.
Facilities Management
UW-Eau Claire
Confined Space Entry on Campus
Elevator Shaft
Boilers
Pits
Manholes
Sewers
Tunnels
Pipes
Cooling Tower
Facilities Management
UW-Eau Claire
Potential Hazards in Confined Space
Both animal and plant life require
oxygen to live. One of the primary
hazards of entering confined space is
OXYGEN Deficiency






O
2
O
2
Facilities Management
UW-Eau Claire
Oxygen Rich or Deficiency
If Oxygen is below 19.5%, it is said to
be oxygen deficient and is not safe.
If Oxygen is above 23.5%, it is
considered to be oxygen rich and is
also not safe.
Oxygen Deficiency is caused by:
Work Being Done such as:
Welding, cutting, or brazing.
Oxygen being diluted by another gas such
as Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen
Resulting from fire suppression.
Certain chemical reactions with other
materials to make other compounds
Rusting or paint drying
O
2
CO
2
Facilities Management
UW-Eau Claire
Risk is greater if any of the following
conditions exists:
Oxygen concentration >23.5% by volume.
Flammable vapor or gas concentration
greater than 10% Lower Explosion Limit
(LEL).
LEL: Minimum concentration (% vol.) below
which propagation of flame does not occur in
the presence of an ignition source.
Flammability & Explosion
Facilities Management
UW-Eau Claire
Substances May Include:
Liquids, Vapors, Gases, Particulates, Mists,
Solid Materials.
Products May Include:
Sludge, Chemical Residues, Waste Materials.
Causes of Toxic & Irritant
atmospheres:
Vapors and gases from previously stored
materials and degreasing solvents.
Particulates and mists from cutting and
painting operations.
Fumes and vapors from various cleaning
solvents used in a cleaning operations.
Toxic and Irritant Exposures
Facilities Management
UW-Eau Claire
Entry and Exit:
Openings may be small or constricted.
Machinery and Equipment:
Improper lockout/tagout of equipment could cause
serious injuries.
Electrical Hazards:
Tools that are not grounded or properly insulated
could cause electrocution & accident start-ups.
Walking/Working Surfaces & Visibility:
Poor lighting may add to hazards caused by an
irregular, sloped, or constricted working surface.
Noise and Vibration:
Noise from equipment can be intensified in some
confined space.
Physical Hazards
Facilities Management
UW-Eau Claire
Physical Hazards Cont.
Engulfment Hazards
Loose, granular material stored in holds or
tanks such as:
Sand, coal, or similar material, can engulf and
suffocate an employee.
Surfaces that are crusted or bridged over
may break loose under the
weight of a worker.
Flooding of confined space.
Water or sewage flow.
Entry Permit
The Entry Permit is the written or printed
document that is provided by the employer
to allow and control entry into a permit
space and that contains the information
specified by performance standards.
Facilities Management
UW-Eau Claire
Please refer to FM Space Entry Permit
Facilities Management
UW-Eau Claire
Appendix C Confined Space Entry Permit
q Permit Required q Re-Classify as Non-Permit Required q Non-Permit Required
A.GENERAL INFORMATION (Note: This permit will remain at the jobsite until job is completed. After completion of entry, return this permit to shop supervisor and he/she will
maintain this copy in shop files and forward a photocopy to Safety Coordinator).

(Location & Description of Confined Space) (Purpose of Entry)
/ a.m./p.m /
(Authorized Entrant(s)) / (Authorized Attendant(s)) (Scheduled Expiration) / (Start Date)
/ a.m/p.m./ a.m./p.m.
(Authorized Entry Supervisor) / (Department) (Time Started) / (Time Completed)

B. ATMOSPHERIC INITIAL ASSESSMENT
YES NO
q q Oxygen Deficiency <19.5%
q q Oxygen Enriched >23.5%
q q Flammable/Combustible Atmosphere > 10% LEL
q q Carbon Monoxide > 25ppm
q q Hydrogen Sulfide > 10ppm
q q Other Toxics (Specify): ______________________
Observable potential Atmospheric Hazards
YES NO YES NO
q q Mechanical q q Electrical
q q Burn q q Engulfment/Entrapment
q q Slip, Trip, Fall q q Heat/Cold Stress
q q Others: ___________________________________
C. PREPARATION FOR ENTRY: Pre-entry Precaution
YES NO
q q Notification of affected departments of service interruption
q q External Barricades (Vehicle, Pedestrian)
q q Confined Space Identification Signs
q q Communication Equipment (Two-way radio)
q q PPE: Head/Eye/Hearing/Hands Protection (Circle Type)
q q Confined Space Permit-Required
q q Pre-entry briefing on specific hazard & control methods
q q Notify contractors of permit & hazard conditions
q q Reclassify as Non-Permit Required confined space
q q Non-Permit Required Confined Space
q q Emergency Escape
q q Others: _________________________________________
D. ATMOSPHERIC TESTING
Elements
of Test
Permissible
Entry Level
Test
Results
Tests after Isolation
& Ventilation
Periodic Checks
Hour 1 Hour 2 Hour 3 Hour 4 Hour 5 Hour 6
% of Oxygen 19.5% to 23.5%
% of LEL > 10%
Carbon Monoxide 35ppm
Hydrogen Sulfide 10ppm
Sulfur Dioxide 5ppm
Ammonia 25ppm
Note: Continuous/periodic tests shall be performed throughout the job. If question, contact Entry Supervisor and/or Shop Supervisor.
E. Isolation Methods:
YES NO YES NO YES NO YES NO YES NO YES NO
q q Lockout/Tagout q q Blank/Blind q q Purge/Clean q q Inert q q Ventilation q q Others:________________________
F. COMMENTS: Please identify any problems encountered during entry into this space:

G. Signatures: I/We have reviewed this permit and is aware of the hazards and precautions necessary to perform the designated work in this confined space authorized by this permit:
/ /
(Authorized Entrant(s) Signature) / (Date) (Authorized Attendant(s) Signature) / (Date)
I certify that all required precautions are taken and necessary equipment is provided for safe entry and work in this confined space.
/ 9-911
(Authorized Entry Supervisor Signature) / (Date) (Emergency Phone Numbers)
Facilities Management
UW-Eau Claire
Non-Permit Confined Space
For non-hazardous confined space work.
Permit not required if it can be proven
that hazards can be ELIMINATED OR
REMOVED through the following
preventive measures:
Ventilation of space
Forced air feed
Lockout/Tagout
Facilities Management
UW-Eau Claire
Permit-Required Confined Space
Confined space that has one or more of
the following characteristics:
Contains or has a potential to contain
hazardous atmospheres.
Contains hazardous or potentially hazardous
confined space work.
Contains a material that has the potential for
engulfing an entrant.
Has an internal configuration such that an
entrant could become trapped or
asphyxiated.
Contains any other serious safety or health
hazard.
Facilities Management
UW-Eau Claire
Reclassification of Confined Space
A space may be reclassified as a
Non-permit confined space under
the following conditions:
If no actual or potential atmospheric hazards
exist.
If all hazards can be eliminated without
entry into the space.
If it is necessary to enter to eliminating a
hazard, air monitoring should be completed to
test for oxygen levels, flammability, and for
sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and any other
suspected or known atmospheric hazard.
Facilities Management
UW-Eau Claire
Air Monitoring Prior to Entry
Use equipment of sufficient sensitivity and
specificity to identify and evaluate any
hazardous atmospheres that may exist.
Check for Oxygen content:
At least 19.5% and less than 23.5%.
Check for Combustibles:
Less than 10% of the LEL.
Check for Toxic Gases:
Most commonly carbon monoxide (PEL <35 ppm)
Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) less than 10ppm
Others Substances must be less than PEL.
Facilities Management
UW-Eau Claire
Air Monitoring During Entry
Test the air at various levels to be
sure that the entire space is safe.
Never trust your senses to
determine if the air in a confined
space is safe.
Your senses cannot see/smell many
toxic gases & vapors, & cannot
determine the level of oxygen present.
Entrants must periodically monitor
the confined space for toxic gases,
oxygen, & combustible gases.
Good Air
Poor Air
Deadly Air
Methane
(Lighter than Air)
Carbon Monoxide
(Same as Air)
Hydrogen Sulfide
(Heavier than Air)
Facilities Management
UW-Eau Claire
Air Monitoring During Entry Cont.
Carry the monitoring devices into the
space to detect changes in oxygen
content or the presence of flammable
and/or toxic gases.
Continue monitoring throughout the entry
to ensure that atmospheric conditions
remain within the acceptable limits.
Entrants must leave the space
immediately if atmospheric conditions
develop that are outside the acceptable
limits.
Facilities Management
UW-Eau Claire
Ventilating Confined Spaces
The space must be
mechanically ventilated
to acceptable levels
before entry:
Use of an air blower is
required to ensure acceptable
environmental conditions.
Place the air blower intake
sufficiently upwind or away
from the entry point to
prevent mixing of the intake
air with exhausted air.
Facilities Management
UW-Eau Claire
Ventilating Confined Spaces
Direct the forced air ventilation to
ventilate the immediate areas where
any entrant is or will be present within
the space.
Continue forced air ventilation until
all entrants have left the space.
Facilities Management
UW-Eau Claire
Entering Procedures
If air test in the confined space is within acceptable
conditions, the authorized entrants may enter the
confined space.
The attendant shall retest the air periodically while the
employees are in the confined space.
If air tests are not acceptable, the attendant will order entrant
out of the confined space.
The authorized entrant must stay in touch with the
attendant by sight and/or maintain verbal
communication throughout the work.
Attendant and Entrant can be rotated if they are both trained and
authorized.
A written record of the pre-entry test results will be
made on the confined space entry permit and kept at
the work site for the duration of the job.
Facilities Management
UW-Eau Claire
Entering Procedures Cont.
Once work in the confined space is
completed:
Ensure that all workers and all equipment are
out of the confined space.
Remove any ventilation devices.
Close the access cover to the confined space.
Remove locks/tags from devices locked out
and re-energize the equipment.
Return all canceled permits to the immediate
or entry supervisor.
Facilities Management
UW-Eau Claire
Duties of Entry Supervisor
Know the hazards which may be faced
during entry.
Make sure entry permit is completed
before authorizing or allowing entry.
Make sure the necessary procedures,
practices, and equipment for safe entry
are in effect before allowing entry.
Facilities Management
UW-Eau Claire
Duties of Entry Supervisor Cont.
Determine that entry operations remain
consistent and that acceptable entry
conditions are maintained.
Take the necessary actions when
terminating an entry operation, such as
closing off a permit space and canceling
the permit, once the work authorized by
the permit has been completed.
Facilities Management
UW-Eau Claire
Duties of Entrant
Complete training as required for confined
space entry and comply with the confined
space entry procedures.
Recognize potential permit space hazards,
including information on the signs,
symptoms, and consequences of
exposure.
Communicate with the attendant to:
Enable the attendant to monitor entrant status
Enable the attendant to alert entrants of the
need to evacuate the space if necessary.
Facilities Management
UW-Eau Claire
Duties of Entrant Cont.
Use proper equipment, which includes:
Atmospheric testing and monitoring equipment.
Ventilation equipment needed to obtain
acceptable entry conditions.
Communication equipment necessary to
maintain contact with the authorized attendant.
Personal protective equipment, as needed.
Lighting equipment, as needed.
Barriers and shields, as needed.
Facilities Management
UW-Eau Claire
Duties of Entrant Cont.
Understand emergency procedures in case of
an accident in a confined space.
Alert the attendant and exit the space
whenever:
The entrant recognizes any warning signs or
symptoms of dangerous exposure.
The entrant detects a condition prohibited by the
permit.
The entrant perceives there is danger.
Exit the space also whenever:
The attendant orders evacuation.
An evacuation alarm is activated.
Facilities Management
UW-Eau Claire
Duties of Attendant
Remain outside the permit space at all
times during entry operation or until
relieved by another attendant.
Recognize potential permit space
hazards, including information on the
signs, symptoms, and consequences of
exposure.
Communicate with authorized entrants
to monitor entrant status and alert the
entrant.
Facilities Management
UW-Eau Claire
Duties of Attendant Cont.
Monitor activities inside/outside the permit
space.
Order the authorized entrants to evacuate
the permit space immediately under any
of the following condition:
The attendant detects a prohibited condition.
The attendant detects the behavioral effects
of hazard exposure in an authorized entrant.
The attendant detects a situation outside the
space that could endanger the authorized
entrants.
Facilities Management
UW-Eau Claire
Duties of Attendant Cont.
Summon rescue and other emergency
services as soon as the attendant
determines that escape is required from
the space hazards:
Warn unauthorized persons away from the
permit space.
Request unauthorized persons to exit
immediately if they have entered the permit
space.
Inform the entry supervisor if unauthorized
persons have entered the permit space.
Facilities Management
UW-Eau Claire
FM Rescue Plan
Use a telephone or 2-way radio to contact the
FM office and/or call 9-911for emergency
services.
When calling for emergency services, be
prepared to provide the following information:
Identify the location as a Permit-required confined
space.
The specific location of the space (building and room
number).
The nature and details of the emergency situation.
The types of hazards that are present in the space.
Do not enter the confined space until help
arrives.
Facilities Management
UW-Eau Claire
Contractor Work in FM
Permit-Required Confined Space
Shop supervisor must inform the contractor that:
The workplace contains permit spaces that can only
be entered by use of code compliant permit space
program.
The characteristics make the space a permit space.
Any precautions or procedures that FM has
implemented to protect employees in or near the
permit spaces where the contractor will be working.
Facilities Management
UW-Eau Claire
Contractor Cont.
Contractor shall have a confined space entry
procedure that meets OSHA requirements,
and also:
Obtain any information from FM regarding permit
space hazards and entry operations.
Inform FM of the permit space program that the
contractor will follow and of any hazards they
confront or create.
When both FM and contractor employees will
be working in or near permit spaces, entry
operations must be coordinated between FM
and the contractor.
Facilities Management
UW-Eau Claire
Summary
Follow safety procedures before entry.
Identify and evaluate any hazardous
atmospheres that may exist in the confined
space before entry.
Attendant shall retest the air periodically while
the employees are in the confined space.
Contact entry supervisor when in doubt.
Facilities Management
UW-Eau Claire
Confined Space Quiz
1. A confined space means a space that:
a. Is large enough that an employee can enter and
perform work
b. Has limited or restricted means for entry or exit
c. Is not designed for continuous human occupancy
d. All of the above.
2. A permit-required confined space may be
reclassified as a non-permit confined
space under the following conditions:
a. All hazards within the space cannot be eliminated
b. All hazards within the space can be eliminated
without entry into the space
c. Both a & b
d. None of the above
Facilities Management
UW-Eau Claire
3. Which are examples of permit space
hazards?
a. Hazardous atmosphere, engulfment,
electrocution, and heat stress.
b. Storage tanks, pits, silos, tunnels, sewers,
shafts, and exhaust ducts.
c. Both a & b
d. None of the above.
4. The acceptable oxygen level range for
confined spaces set by OSHA is:
a. 17.5% to 23.5%
b. 19.5% to 22%
c. 19.5% to 23.5%
d. None of the above
Facilities Management
UW-Eau Claire
5. The primary hazard of entering a confined
space is:
a. Equipment related to hazards
b. Conditions changing from non-hazardous to
hazardous
c. Oxygen Deficiency
d. Electrical, mechanical, and chemical hazards
6. The entrant must constantly monitor the confined
space for three primary hazards:
a. Wet surface, falling objects, & engulfment
b. Oxygen deficiency, combustible gases, & toxic
gases.
c. Consumption, displacement, and reaction
d. None of the above
Facilities Management
UW-Eau Claire
7. Why do you always need to test air at
various levels:
a. To guard an un-authorized person
b. To be sure that the entire space is safe
c. To be sure the entrant leaves the confined space
as soon as possible
d. All of the above
8. If a hazardous atmosphere is detected
during entry, what should you do?
a. Leave the space immediately
b. Try to finish the work as soon as possible
c. Both a & b
d. None of the above

Facilities Management
UW-Eau Claire
9. True/False
If conditions are safe before
anyone enters a permit space, they will
stay safe throughout the work.
10. True/False
If ventilation is needed, it should be
started just before the space is entered.
Facilities Management
UW-Eau Claire
Confined Space Entry
Answers to Quiz
1. D
2. B
3. A
4. C
5. C
6. B
7. B
8. A
9. F
10. F
Facilities Management
UW-Eau Claire
Any Questions
??
Revision Dated: May 24
th
, 2012